Studies on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in two sediment cores from the huaxi reservoir,china: Assessment of levels,sources, and ecological risk

This study investigated the levels, sources and ecological risks of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in two sediment cores that were collected along the Huaxi Reservoir. The spatial distributions and residue levels of the 16 priority PAHs in the sediments from the Huaxi Reservoir were analyzed for their potential ecological risk, source apportionment and contribution to the total PAH residue. The concentration level of the total PAHs (TPAHs) was in the range 1805 ng·g^?1 to 20023 ng·g^?1 based on dry weight, and the content of PAHs in the Huaxi Reservoir exhibited a gradual upward trend. The PAH congener ratios fluoranthene/(fluoranthene + pyrene) and indeno[1, 2, 3-cd]pyrene/(indeno[1, 2, 3-cd]pyrene + benzo[g, h, i]perylene) were used to identify the source. The main source of the low molecular weight PAHs was wood and coal combustion, whereas the high molecular weight PAHs were primarily from petroleum combustion sources. The results of an ecological risk assessment demonstrated that ACE poses a potential ecological risk, while FLU, NAP, ANT, BaP, DBA, PHEN and PYR can have serious ecological risks.     

加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定沉积物中5种微囊藻毒素

建立了加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定沉积物中5种微囊藻毒素(MC-LR、MC-RR、MC-LW、MC-LF、MC-YR)的方法。选择甲醇-水(1∶4,V/V)为ASE萃取溶剂,萃取温度和萃取压力分别为80℃和13.1 MPa,固相萃取过程以HLB小柱为萃取柱,采用液相色谱-串联质谱分析。方法在5种微囊藻毒素质量浓度5~100μg/L内线性良好(r0.995),回收率为76.0%~118%,相对标准偏差为1.9%~12.0%,检出限为2~3μg/kg,定量下限为8~12μg/kg。该方法已用于西太湖沉积物的检测,具有较好的方法适用性。     

EGSB出水回流对EGSB—SBR工艺处理果汁废水的影响

采用EGSB—SBR工艺处理实际果汁废水(COD 2 608~6 500 mg/L,p H 5.0~7.0)。在EGSB反应器成功启动及驯化完成的情况下,连续运行49 d。实验结果表明:第25天起,控制EGSB回流比为3.00∶1,EGSB反应器可在无须添加Na HCO3的条件下稳定运行,从而降低了废水处理成本;第25天起,平均进水COD,BOD5,SS分别为5 968,2 130,1 020 mg/L,平均出水COD,BOD5,SS分别降至131,11,50 mg/L,平均COD,BOD5,SS去除率分别为98%,99%,95%;组合工艺对该实际果汁废水具有良好的处理效果。     

高炉瓦斯泥综合利用技术述评

瓦斯泥是高炉副产物,因其中富含锌,直接用于烧结会增加高炉锌负荷。在分析了瓦斯泥的矿物特征的基础上,综述了选矿法、化学浸出法、直接还原法等几种瓦斯泥有价成分的回收利用方法。选矿法根据碳、锌、铁的性质及赋存状态的差异分离各物质,具有工艺简单、成本低的优点,但分离不彻底、回收率低;化学浸出法使锌进入溶液而其他矿物不溶或微溶,分离效果较好,但处理量小,后续处理难度大;直接还原法是在高温下使瓦斯泥中的金属还原,锌蒸发后进入烟气,最终可得到含氧化锌较高的烟尘和含金属铁的脱锌瓦斯泥,该法适应性强、处理量大、分离效果好,是目前应用较为广泛的瓦斯泥处理方法,但其设备投资大。     

废荧光灯的环境污染对策探讨

废荧光灯管中的有害物质如果处置不当,会对人体健康和环境造成危害。目前国内大部分废荧光灯管未得到无害化处置,主要在指定的法规、有效的政策以及完善的运营机制方面存在很多弊端,应引起社会各界的关注和政府部门的重视。本文结合国内外废荧光灯管回收处置现状,针对存在的问题,提出源头控制、分类收集、多渠道回收、建立资金及资金补贴机制以及技术手段措施,为从根本上解决废旧灯管回收难的问题,并探索社会源危险废物的管理提供对策建议。     

大力推进城市资源循环利用基地建设——以北京市朝阳区资源循环利用产业基地为例

资源循环利用基地的建设是破解城市固体废弃物“邻避效应”的创新道路,有助于新型城市功能区的建设,是推进资源循环利用的主要方式。以北京市朝阳区资源循环利用产业基地为例,研究其基地建设的优势基础及制约因素,通过探索基地建设模式,分析了基地建设的总体思路和重要举措,以期为其他地区资源循环利用基地建设提供经验。     

平板显示器回收的新挑战

显示屏（监视器和电视机）经历了从阴极射线管到平板显示器技术的快速变化。截至目前为止,只有少量的平板显示器已记录在废物收集点。平板显示器的数量越来越多,在未来需要足够的用于回收的基础设施。本文旨在通过液晶显示屏幕的回收对经济影响的案例研究来提供数量、成分、回收利用技术和经验的基本数据。对于组件和材料也适用于其他类型的电子产品,如黑色金属和有色金属,印刷电路板或电缆,回收途径和技术是众所周知的和可用的。目前,液晶显示器（LCD）在欧洲不回收。处置时,例如,通过焚烧,有价值的材料,其成分是不再可用。例如：铟具有重要战略意义的应用,如,太阳能光伏作为一种稀缺资源。液晶显示器在欧洲具有回收基础设施,因此是有用的。     

废弃产品回收处理企业环境绩效评价初探

近年来,废弃产品回收处理行业日益受到政府和社会各界的关注,而回收处理企业是实施回收处理活动的主体,相关法律、法规的出台对回收处理企业提出了更高的要求。本文在概括梳理相关法律、法规的基础上,初步建立了废弃产品回收处理企业环境绩效评价指标体系,为回收处理企业采用先进的技术工艺、降低环境负荷、加强职业健康监护和企业环境管理提供参考,以适应国家政策要求和行业发展的需要。     

基于SOM和多元分析的滇池沉积物污染特征空间模式研究

联合运用层次聚类分析(HCA)、判别分析(DA)和自组织映射神经网络(SOM)3种数值方法,对滇池2008—2010年17个底泥监测点位(10个常规点位及7个新增点位)9种污染物进行空间差异性和相似性分析,并评价各指标在空间的分布特征及监测点代表性.结果表明:滇池沉积物整体污染程度为草海>外海中部及南部>外海北部.As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn污染最严重的点位是断桥;草海中心的凯氏氮污染最严重,其他指标污染水平仅次于断桥;Cr和TP污染最严重的点位是新增点位盘龙江2;海埂是全局污染最轻的点位.现有的常规监测点位对整体污染特征的代表性较弱,建议取消异质性最低的白鱼口、观音山西、观音山东和罗家营站点;考虑污染特征和监测点位空间分布的均匀性,建议将盘龙江2、海埂和马料河设为常规监测点位.     

Operating condition influences on PCDD/Fs emissions from sinter pot tests with hot flue gas recycling

This study was designed to clarify the influence of operating conditions on the formation and emissions of polychlorinated-pdibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from a sintering process with hot flue gas recycling. A pilot scale sinter pot with simulated flue gas recycling was developed, and four key operational parameters, including temperature, oxygen content of the simulated waste flue gas, the coke rate of the sintering mixture, and the quicklime quality, were selected for exploring PCDD/Fs formation. The results showed that the temperature of the recycled flue gas had a major affect on PCDD/Fs formation, and a high temperature could significantly increase their formation during sintering. A clear linear correlation between the temperature of recycling flue gas and PCDD/Fs emission (r = 0.93) was found. PCDD/Fs could be reduced to a certain extent by decreasing the level of oxygen in the recycled flue gas, while sintering quality was unchanged. The coke rate had no significant influence on the formation of PCDD/Fs, but the quality of quicklime used in the sintering mixture could affect not only the amount of PCDD/Fs emissions but also the sintering productivity. Compared with a benchmark sinter pot test, PCDD/Fs emissions markedly decreased with improvements to quicklime quality. However, the reduction in PCDD/Fs emissions realized by using high-quality quicklime was limited by the temperature of the inlet gas. The highest reduction achieved was 51% compared with conventional quicklime when the temperature of the inlet gas was 150°C.