环境空气污染预报及其意义

由我国在１３个重点城市开展环境空气污染周报出发，综述国内外环境空气污染预报的情况，指出环境空气污染预报的三方面重要意义。     

工业园区开展环保管家服务的意义和途径

环保是我国在发展中较为重视的一个工作内容,为了能够顺利地做好城市环保工作,在2016年提出了"环保管家"这个环保概念,通过这个理念推动环保服务业的发展。但是由于该理念提出的时间尚短,所以在实施阶段出现了较多的阻力,导致环保管家并没能实现方案提出的预想效果。鉴于环保管家对工业园区工作的重要性,本文将分析环保管家在工业园区开展的意义以及途径,希望能对相关从业人员的工作有所启发。     

工业企业清洁生产审核实践——以中航沈飞民用飞机有限责任公司为例

文章总结了中航工业沈飞民机公司实施清洁生产审核的实践过程,在对全公司的生产现状、原辅材料消耗、废物产生情况、能源消耗情况进行分析后,针对管理和生产中存在的问题,提出具体的清洁生产方案,论证具体方案的环境经济效益后,投入公司正常生产运行环节,有效削减能源和原料消耗,减少污染物排放水平,提升公司的国际市场竞争力,实现经济和环境的和谐发展。     

环境监测实验室认可的思考

阐述了环境监测站开展实验室认可的意义及实验室认可的理念。指出开展实验室认可是适应加入WTO后与国际接轨的需要，是适应体制改革和市场经济发展的需要，是提高环境监测技术和质量水平的需要。提出实验室认可的理念是：服务客户，赢得市场；领导作用，制胜关键；全员参与，共同提高；按章行事，减忧增效；建立机制，培育人才；持续改进，不断完善。     

Including past and present impacts in cumulative impact assessments

Environmental concerns such as loss of biological diversity and stratospheric ozone depletion have heightened awareness of the need to assess cumulative impacts in environmental documents. More than 20 years of experience with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) have provided analysts in the United States with opportunities for developing successful techniques to assess site-specific impacts of proposed actions. Methods for analyzing a proposed action's incremental contribution to cumulative impacts are generally less advanced than those for project-specific impacts.The President's Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) defines cumulative impact to include the impacts of past, present and reasonably foreseeable future actions regardless of who undertakes the action. Court decisions have helped clarify the distinction between reasonably foreseeable future actions and other possible future actions. This paper seeks to clarify how past and present impacts should be included in cumulative impact analyses.The definition of cumulative impacts implies that cumulative impact analyses should include the effects of all past and present actions on a particular resource. Including past and present impacts in cumulative impact assessments increases the likelihood of identifying significant impacts. NEPA requires agencies to give more consideration to alternatives and mitigation and to provide more opportunities for public involvement for actions that would have significant impacts than for actions that would not cause or contribute to significant impacts. For an action that would contribute to significant cumulative impacts, the additional cost and effort involved in increased consideration of alternatives and mitigation and in additional public involvement may be avoided if the action can be modified so that its contributions to significant cumulative impacts are eliminated.Managed by Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation under contract DE-AC05-84OR21400 with the US Department of Energy.     

The application of Geographical Information Systems to determine environmental impact significance

This paper presents a new methodology for impact assessment—SIAM (Spatial Impact Assessment Methodology)—which is based on the assumption that the importance of environmental impacts is dependent, among other things, on the spatial distribution of the effects and of the affected environment. The information generated by the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in impact identification and prediction stages of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is used in the assessment of impact significance by the computation of a set of impact indices. For each environmental component (e.g., air pollution, water resources, biological resources), impact indices are calculated based on the spatial distribution of impacts. A case study of impact evaluation of a proposed highway in Central Portugal illustrates the application of the methodology and shows its capabilities to be adapted to the particular characteristics of a given EIA problem.