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1.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) diminish the utility of reservoirs for drinking water supply, irrigation, recreation, and ecosystem service provision. HABs decrease water quality and are a significant health concern in surface water bodies. Near real-time monitoring of HABs in reservoirs and small water bodies is essential to understand the dynamics of turbidity and HAB formation. This study uses satellite imagery to remotely sense chlorophyll-a concentrations (chl-a), phycocyanin concentrations, and turbidity in two reservoirs, the Grand Lake O′ the Cherokees and Hudson Reservoir, OK, USA, to develop a tool for near real-time monitoring of HABs. Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 imagery from 2013 to 2017 and from 2015 to 2020 were used to train and test three different models that include multiple regression, support vector regression (SVR), and random forest regression (RFR). Performance was assessed by comparing the three models to estimate chl-a, phycocyanin, and turbidity. The results showed that RFR achieved the best performance, with R2 values of 0.75, 0.82, and 0.79 for chl-a, turbidity, and phycocyanin, while multiple regression had R2 values of 0.29, 0.51, and 0.46 and SVR had R2 values of 0.58, 0.62, and 0.61 on the testing datasets, respectively. This paper examines the potential of the developed open-source satellite remote sensing tool for monitoring reservoirs in Oklahoma to assess spatial and temporal variations in surface water quality.  相似文献   
2.
魏宁  刘胜男  魏凤  李小春 《环境科学》2023,44(12):6621-6629
中国水泥行业面临巨大的碳达峰与碳中和压力.CO2捕集利用与封存(CCUS)技术是能够实现化石资源低碳利用的碳减排技术.在中国水泥企业数据基础上,采用全流程CCUS系统模型(ITEAM-CCUS)评估CCUS的碳减排潜力对水泥企业碳中和非常重要.模型从源汇匹配距离、捕集率、CCUS技术和技术水平这4个方面设置了10种情景,完成了水泥行业的企业筛选、场地筛选、CCUS技术经济评估和源汇匹配,初步回答了水泥企业结合CCUS的封存场地、减排规模、成本范围和优先项目分布等关键问题.在250 km匹配距离、85%净捕集率、CO2-EWR技术和当前技术水平情景,44%的水泥企业可以利用CO2强化地下水开采(CO2-EWR)技术开展碳减排,累计年碳减排量为6.25亿t,平准化成本为290~1838元·t-1;具有全流程CO2-EWR早期示范优势的地区为新疆、内蒙古、宁夏、河南和河北等.水泥企业开展全流程CCUS项目技术可行,可以实现大规模CO2减排,低成本项目具有早期示范机会.研究结果可为水泥行业低碳发展和CCUS商业化部署提供定量参考.  相似文献   
3.
明确硝酸盐的主要来源及转化过程对地下水氮污染防治和水资源开发利用具有重要意义.为了探明滇池周边浅层地下水中硝酸盐污染现状及来源,于2020年雨季(10月)和2021年旱季(4月)在滇池周边共采集73个浅层地下水样,运用水化学和氮氧同位素(δ15N-NO3-δ18O-NO3-)识别浅层地下水中硝酸盐的空间分布、来源及转化过程,并结合同位素混合模型(SIAR)定量评价不同来源氮对浅层地下水硝酸盐的贡献.结果表明,旱季浅层地下水中有40.5%的采样点ρ(NO3--N)超过地下水质量标准(GB/T 14848)Ⅲ类水质规定的20 mg·L-1,雨季超过47.2%的采样点ρ(NO3--N)超过20 mg·L-1.氮氧同位素和SIAR模型分析结果证明了土壤有机氮、化肥氮、粪肥和污水氮是浅层地下水硝酸盐的主要来源,以上氮源对旱季浅层地下水中硝酸盐的贡献率分别为13.9%、11.8%和66.5%,对雨季的贡献率分别为33.7%、31.1%和25.9%,而大气氮沉降贡献率仅为8.5%,对该区浅层地下水中硝酸盐来源贡献较小.硝化作用是旱季浅层地下水中硝态氮转化的主导过程,雨季以反硝化作用为主,且反硝化作用雨季比旱季明显.  相似文献   
4.
Deep learning (DL) models are increasingly used to make accurate hindcasts of management-relevant variables, but they are less commonly used in forecasting applications. Data assimilation (DA) can be used for forecasts to leverage real-time observations, where the difference between model predictions and observations today is used to adjust the model to make better predictions tomorrow. In this use case, we developed a process-guided DL and DA approach to make 7-day probabilistic forecasts of daily maximum water temperature in the Delaware River Basin in support of water management decisions. Our modeling system produced forecasts of daily maximum water temperature with an average root mean squared error (RMSE) from 1.1 to 1.4°C for 1-day-ahead and 1.4 to 1.9°C for 7-day-ahead forecasts across all sites. The DA algorithm marginally improved forecast performance when compared with forecasts produced using the process-guided DL model alone (0%–14% lower RMSE with the DA algorithm). Across all sites and lead times, 65%–82% of observations were within 90% forecast confidence intervals, which allowed managers to anticipate probability of exceedances of ecologically relevant thresholds and aid in decisions about releasing reservoir water downstream. The flexibility of DL models shows promise for forecasting other important environmental variables and aid in decision-making.  相似文献   
5.
Waste-to-energy is a promising approach to face the current challenge of waste overproduction in Reunion Island, a French territory. In this particular context of an isolated and tropical territory, it is essential to study the properties of potential feedstocks to choose the most appropriate conversion process. This article reports on the composition of Residual Household Waste from Reunion Island and its physico-chemical parameters. Twelve representative samples of Residual Household Waste were subjected to thermal and elemental analysis. The results showed that their composition had a significant influence on the physico-chemical properties, including calorific value. Residual Household Waste from the selective sorting (rich in wood, plastic, and sanitary textiles) as well as dry mixed RHW are the most interesting for energy recovery. Due to their high volatile matter and high carbon content, and their low moisture content, these types of waste have a high calorific value exceeding 18 MJ/kg. Furthermore, the RHW sample comply with the environmental and health criteria applied by French regulations concerning halogen and heavy metal. Thus, it seems that Residual Household Waste can be an alternative to conventional fuels used in incineration or pyro-gasification processes. However, the study also points the need for a pre-treatment process for these wastes. Indeed, it is necessary to sort them correctly in order to avoid the risks of pollution and important maintenance. And more importantly, drying beforehand is unavoidable to improve combustibility and obtain optimal energy conversion.  相似文献   
6.
水质是岩溶区可持续发展中最重要的环境问题之一.为探讨铅锌矿周边岩溶流域重金属污染及健康风险,采集了思的河岩溶流域河水和地下水样品18组,测定了9种重金属的浓度(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Mn、Fe、As、Cr和Sr),采用了主成分分析、相关分析、水质指数、内梅罗综合污染指数、危害商和危害指数进行分析.结果表明,思的河水呈微碱性,河水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Mn、Fe、As和Sr浓度距离尾矿库越远其浓度越低.主成分分析和相关分析表明,思的河岩溶流域的重金属主要来自矿山废水的排放(55.42%)、碳酸岩风化溶解(21.41%)和人类活动(14.72%).河水中82%的样品为优质水,地下水样均为优质水,河水中内梅罗综合污染指数为4.12,属于强污染级,所有危害指数均在1以下.Pb、Zn、As、Cd和Cr是思的河岩溶流域内有潜在威胁的金属.重金属进入岩溶管道后浓度发生了明显变化,表明岩溶含水层特有性质影响着重金属浓度的空间变化.研究结果可为思的河流域和类似岩溶水流域的水资源污染防治和人类健康保护提供数据参考.  相似文献   
7.
This study investigated the water quality variation spanning 30 years (1986–2017) in 16 catchments of Hong Kong against different urbanization indices, namely, built area fraction; population; and product of population and built area fraction. Pearson correlations of three different periods of time (1988–1990, 1998–2000, and 2015–2017) indicated that water quality trends were dependent on the urbanization index. Total solids, nitrite-nitrogen, total phosphorus, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and flow rate had significant deteriorative trends (Pearson r > 0.5 and p < 0.05) with population and product of built area and population. Results also interpreted that built area fraction and product of built area and population were the worst and best indices that represented urbanization and/or its impacts, respectively. Mann-Kendall test for the entire 30 year period showed that water quality had improved with time with respect to certain water quality parameters (e.g., dissolved oxygen, ammoniacal nitrogen and total suspended solids). The results portrayed that although the urbanization of catchments had increased with time, the river water quality with respect to many parameters showed signs of improvement and the legislative measures implemented seemed to be effective in controlling pollution.  相似文献   
8.
利用卡尔费休法可直接测定PM2.5水分含量,方法精密度及准确度均较好.将该方法应用于北京市城区站点2020年全年的PM2.5分析,结果显示PM2.5水分浓度年均值为(5.0±4.1)µg/m3,在PM2.5占比为(12.5±4.8)%,与PM2.5质量浓度呈显著相关.水分质量浓度与PM2.5的质量浓度月度及季节变化趋势基本一致.研究发现,随着空气污染加重,水分质量浓度及其在PM2.5占比均呈上升趋势,二者相关性明显增强.可见污染发生时,水分增加有利于颗粒物吸湿增长从而推高污染水平,对PM2.5的贡献同步增强.当沙尘污染发生时湿度处于同期较低水平,不利于细颗粒物的吸湿增长,水分质量浓度及其占比均处于较低水平. PM2.5水分与二次离子及有机物均有很好的相关性,说明水分为气态污染物提供非均相转化载体,促进硝酸盐、硫酸盐、有机物的进一步生成.PM2.5水分与地壳物质无相关性,证实地壳元素为一次源,不受水分影响.  相似文献   
9.
Urbanization and mass movement of the population from rural areas and small cities to megacities have led to environmental, economic, and social problems in Iran. In dealing with these challenges, assessing resource and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) is considered an effective method to leverage space and capital to achieve sustainable development. This study aimed to rank the provincial RECC in Iran. Toward this purpose, environmental indices were generated from remotely sensed and statistical census data. Then, the provinces were scored in terms of environmental, economic, and infrastructural carrying capacities, and RECC using the mean variance analysis method. Results demonstrated that in most areas, there is no relationship between economic and infrastructural capacities and development. Statistically, a correlation coefficient of −0.53 between economic and environmental carrying capacities indicated excessive use of environmental capacities. Moreover, the spatial distribution pattern of environmental, economic, and infrastructural carrying capacity was entirely heterogeneous between the provinces; there was a northeast–southwest pattern in terms of infrastructural capacity and an economic pattern from north to south. The distribution pattern of RECC is most consistent with the environmental capacity, pointing at the high weight of the indicators of the RECC model. In conclusion, this research offers a new vision for policymakers and provides a theoretical and applicable framework for implementing sustainable strategies in land-use planning. It is recommended that the RECC concept and tools can be used not only for planning but also for measuring the efficiency of spatial development programs and establishing land balances in the region.  相似文献   
10.
为查明老工业城市土壤-作物系统的重金属环境地球化学特征,测试和分析石嘴山市水稻、小麦和玉米籽实及其根系土重金属含量和形态,利用统计学方法、风险评价编码法(RAC)、生物富集系数法(BCF)、土壤和农产品综合质量影响指数法(IICQ)及ArcGIS空间插值法开展土壤-作物系统重金属的迁移累积特征剖析及风险协同评价.结果表明,根系土中重金属ω(As)、ω(Cd)、ω(Cr)、ω(Cu)、ω(Hg)、ω(Ni)、ω(Pb)和ω(Zn)均值分别为12.56、 0.19、 63.48、 23.52、 0.038、 28.86、 21.68和69.47mg·kg-1,与宁夏土壤背景值相比呈一定程度的累积,其中以Cd和Hg累积效应最为显著,但均低于农用地土壤污染风险筛选值;配套作物中上述8种重金属含量均值分别为0.014 9、 0.011 2、 0.075、 6.7、 0.001 5、 0.67、 0.042 7和20.48mg·kg-1,与食品中污染物限量相比,作物中As、 Pb和Cr点位超标率分别为4%、 3%和1%,其余元素均未超标;相比水稻和小麦,...  相似文献   
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