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1.
采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定水中铊,对样品前处理的多个细节进行改进,使前处理过程耗时缩短,回收率提高。试验表明,方法在0μg/L ~50.0μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数r为0.9995;检出限为2.0μg/L,取样量为500 mL,富集50倍时,方法检出限为0.04μg/L;实际水样测定结果的 RSD 为4.9%~8.4%;实际样品的加标回收率为94.0%~102%。  相似文献   
2.
During weathering of igneous rocks thallium can be readily mobilized as TI+ in aqueous phase and picked up by plants. In this way it can reach the alimentary cycle of both livestock and humans. Since the toxicity of thallium is well-established, an analytical procedure for its determination is optimized in order to contribute to the knowledge of TI+ distribution in specific environments. The analytical method is applied to fluid phase samples from Vulcano island (Italy) and from other volcanic areas.  相似文献   
3.
水样经硝酸和过氧化氢消解,Tl~+被氧化为Tl~(3+),在王水和Fe~(3+)介质中,TlCl~-_4被聚氨酯泡塑吸附富集,沸水脱附后用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定。用硝酸钯-抗坏血酸基体改进剂提高测定灵敏度,方法在0μg/L~25.0μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.01μg/L。实际样品加标后6次测定结果的RSD为3.0%~11.0%,平均加标回收率为95.0%~99.8%。有证标准物质的测定结果在标准值范围内,相对误差为-4.8%。  相似文献   
4.
铊的环境地球化学研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
铊(Tl)作为一种高毒害性的元素越来越受到人们的关注。大量含Tl矿物的开采和冶炼、化石燃料的燃烧等人类活动,导致Tl及其化合物进入环境,进而通过食物链进入生物体,从而对动植物特别是人类健康造成严重的危害。文章对铊在各环境介质中的存在、迁移、转化,以及Tl的生物效应研究进展进行了概述。Tl在岩石中的平均质量分数为0.5~10 mg.kg-1,在大气中的平均质量浓度为0.22~1.0 ng.m-3,在天然水体中的平均质量浓度为0.001~1.264μg.L-1,在土壤中的平均质量分数为0.01~3.0 mg.kg-1,在植物中的平均质量分数为0.02~0.25 mg.kg-1。大气中的铊可随大气迁移,导致全球Tl污染;土壤中Tl的迁移主要受pH影响,pH越小其迁移能力越强,而水中溶解态的铊迁移能力最强。植物对Tl具有较强的富集能力,而动物实验则表明Tl具有一定的致畸性,可能存在一定的致癌性,并且职业暴露是人体Tl中毒的主要原因。尽管有关有Tl的地球化学以及生态毒理学方面的研究取得了一定的进展,但有关Tl在环境介质之间的界面化学机理、Tl在分子水平上吸附机理、不同形态的Tl在生物体中的致毒代谢机理以及铊的同位素在环境介质中的变化等方面仍有待于进一步的研究。  相似文献   
5.
The impairment of root growth and photosynthetical functioning are the main impacts of trace elements on woody plant seedlings. In this work, we assessed the response of Holm oak (Quercusilex subsp. ballota) and mastic shrub (Pistacia lentiscus) seedlings to high concentrations of Cd and Tl in the rhizosphere. These are non-essential trace elements, with a potential high mobility in the soil-plant system. Seedlings of these species are frequently used in the afforestation of degraded soils in mining areas. Plants were exposed to different levels of Cd (20, 80 and 200 mg L−1) and Tl (2, 10 and 20 mg L−1) in a sand culture. Biomass allocation, growth rates, chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange were studied. Both metals affected root biomass. Cadmium produced an increase in the root mass ratio and a decrease in the specific leaf area of the plants in oak seedlings, while Tl did not provoke such response. Mastic plants were more sensitive to Tl and Cd than oak plants. Between elements, Tl provoked more severe toxic effects in the plants, affecting the antennae complexes and reaction centers of the photosystem II. Both elements decreased net assimilation rates (down to a 20% of the control plants) and stomatal conductance (5-10% of the values for the control plants). Cadmium was highly retained in the roots of both species, while Tl was highly translocated into the leaves. In general, Holm oak showed a higher tolerance for Cd than for Tl, and a higher resistance to both metals than mastic shrub, due to a high capacity for Cd retention at the root level. However, such accumulation in roots may induce water stress in the seedling exposed to Cd.  相似文献   
6.
The relationship between specific particulate emission control and ambient levels of some PM10 components (Zn, As, Pb, Cs, Tl) was evaluated. To this end, the industrial area of Castellón (Eastern Spain) was selected, where around 40% of the EU glazed ceramic tiles and a high proportion of EU ceramic frits are produced. The PM10 emissions from the ceramic processes were calculated over the period 2000–2006, taking into account the degree of implementation of corrective measures throughout the study period. Abatement systems were implemented in the majority of the fusion kilns for frit manufacture in the area as a result of the application of the Directive 1996/61/EC, leading to a marked decrease in PM10 emissions. By contrast, emissions from tile manufacture remained relatively constant because of the few changes in the implementation of corrective measures. On the other hand, ambient PM10 levels and composition measurements were carried out from 2002 to 2006. A high correlation between PM10 emissions from frit manufacture and ambient levels of Zn, As, Pb and Cs (R2 from 0.61 to 0.98) was observed. On the basis of these results, the potential impact of the implementation of corrective measures to reduce emissions from tile manufacture was quantified, resulting in a possible decrease of 3–5 μg/m3 and 2 μg/m3 in ambient mineral PM10 (on an annual basis) in urban and suburban areas, respectively. This relatively simple methodology allows us to estimate the direct effect of a reduction in primary particulate emissions on ambient levels of key particulate components, and to make a preliminary quantification of the possibilities of air quality improvement by means of further emission reduction. Therefore, it is a useful tool for developing future air quality plans in the study area and in other industrialised areas.  相似文献   
7.
梳理了铊的特性分布、毒性危害以及我国发生的铊中毒或污染事件,分析了我国现有环境质量标准、排放标准以及监测分析标准与方法,提出了我国铊污染防治的对策建议。  相似文献   
8.
提出了火焰原子吸收光谱法测定冶炼厂烟囱烟灰中铊的分析方法。试验表明:方法检测限(3σ)为0 11mg/L,回收率在92%~103%之间,相对标准差<3%,方法简便快速。  相似文献   
9.
• Nano zero-valent manganese (nZVMn, Mn0) is synthesized via borohydrides reduction. • Mn0 combined with persulfate/hypochlorite is effective for Tl removal at pH 6-12. • Mn0 can activate persulfate to form hydroxyl and sulfate radicals. • Oxidation-induced precipitation and surface complexation contribute to Tl removal. • Combined Mn0-oxidants process is promising in the environmental field. Nano zero-valent manganese (nZVMn, Mn0) was prepared through a borohydride reduction method and coupled with different oxidants (persulfate (S2O82), hypochlorite (ClO), or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) to remove thallium (Tl) from wastewater. The surface of Mn0 was readily oxidized to form a core-shell composite (MnOx@Mn0), which consists of Mn0 as the inner core and MnOx (MnO, Mn2O3, and Mn3O4) as the outer layer. When Mn0 was added alone, effective Tl(I) removal was achieved at high pH levels (>12). The Mn0-H2O2 system was only effective in Tl(I) removal at high pH (>12), while the Mn0-S2O82 or Mn0-ClO system had excellent Tl(I) removal (>96%) over a broad pH range (4–12). The Mn0-S2O82 oxidation system provided the best resistance to interference from an external organic matrix. The isotherm of Tl(I) removal through the Mn0-S2O82 system followed the Freundlich model. The Mn0 nanomaterials can activate persulfate to produce sulfate radicals and hydroxyl radicals. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested that oxidation-induced precipitation, surface adsorption, and electrostatic attraction are the main mechanisms for Tl(I) removal resulting from the combination of Mn0 and oxidants. Mn0 coupled with S2O82/ClO is a novel and effective technique for Tl(I) removal, and its application in other fields is worthy of further investigation.  相似文献   
10.
电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定废水中的铊   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测定废水中铊,并对测定波长、介质及其酸度、共存元素干扰等因素进行分析和条件优化,使该方法在0 mg/L~5.00 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.999 9。方法检出限为22μg/L,该方法对铊标准样品测定的结果在保证值范围内,4份废水样7次测定结果的RSD为0.2%~0.8%,实际废水样品的加标回收率为98.0%~100%。  相似文献   
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