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Reliable measurements of pollutant levels in the vicinity of a toll plaza appear to be rare. In order to assess the exposure of toll booth operators to carbon monoxide, a continuous carbon monoxide monitor was installed at head height in the booth of a medium density traffic lane at the Mariannhill toll plaza, situated on a busy highway near Durban, South Africa. Measurements in excess of 500 ppmv were recorded and the high daily mean carbon monoxide concentrations may account for some of the symptoms such as headaches and general malaise that have been reported by workers in the booths. Generally, carbon monoxide levels recorded far exceed the recommended limit set by the South African authorities. These results have led to recommendations regarding the structure of new and existing toll booths to minimize the exposure of toll booth workers to adverse effects of vehicle-emitted pollutants.  相似文献   
2.
公路收费亭内外空气污染特征及其影响因素   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2003-06~2003-07对重庆市辖4个收费站中的收费亭内外一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化氮(NO2)、总烃(THC)和可吸入颗粒物(PM10)进行了采样监测,同时还观测了气温、大气压、风速和车流量等影响因素,通过二元相关和偏相关分析方法探讨了收费亭内外各空气污染指标与影响因素之间的关系.结果表明,收费亭外CO和PM10小时平均浓度值比亭内高,亭内NO2和THC的小时平均浓度值比亭外高.重庆站亭内外NO2和茶园站亭内外CO的小时平均浓度值超过环境空气二级标准,其它各收费亭内外NO2和CO的小时平均浓度均值未超过相关标准限值,其最高值均超过相关标准;各收费亭内外THC小时平均浓度均值分别达7.728 mg/m3和7.216 mg/m3,均超过标准限值10倍以上;收费亭内外PM10变化幅度较大,亭外均值0.217 mg/m3,高于环境空气质量二级标准,亭内最高值达0.631 mg/m3,是室内空气标准日均值标准限值的4.2倍.在4个收费站的收费亭内外空气污染程度比较分析中,以重庆收费站为最严重,有3个指标的均值比其他收费站高.在污染指标与影响因素相关分析中,收费亭内外污染物之间的存在着一定的相关关系,CO、PM10和NO2呈极显著相关,亭内外THC呈显著性相关,车流量与NO2、THC、PM10均呈极显著(p<0.01)或显著相关(0.01<p<0.05),而与CO的污染程度相关性不显著;天气条件不同程度地影响各污染指标的浓度,分别以大气压和气温影响为主,风速影响不大.  相似文献   
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Open road tolling (ORT) design has been considered as an effective means of smoothing highway traffic and reducing travel delay on toll highways. In this paper it is demonstrated that ORT can also achieve significant air quality benefits over the conventional toll plaza design. The near roadside carbon monoxide (CO) concentration levels can be reduced by up to 37%, and diesel particulate matter (DPM) emissions can decrease by as much as 58%. These large expected air quality benefits have great implications to the regional efforts of reducing mobile source air pollution toward achieving attainment status and healthier living environment.  相似文献   
4.
对重庆市两条高速公路的收费亭的交通噪声进行了测试和评价,分析了收费亭内外交通噪声污染的程度,并参考其他测量提出了公路收费亭内应执行的环境噪声限值的建议值。  相似文献   
5.
Adsorption performance of activated carbon adsorbers in the downstream duct of vehicle spray painting booths has been studied to understand whether fine paint particles in the off-gas would deteriorate the adsorption capacity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on activated carbons. Three forms of activated carbons were selected and their properties were determined using nitrogen adsorption analysis, the measurement of pH value and total ash content, energy dispersion spectrometer, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Results show that the adsorption capacity of activated carbon strongly depends upon its available specific surface area. When the total uptake on activated carbon approaches saturation, the vapors adsorbed would commence to get displaced by the paint particles gradually as time elapses and finally the uptake of vapors and paint particles reach equilibrium. Microporous carbons, in particular, were much more susceptible to paint particles. A Langmuir-type model for the uptake on activated carbons was suggested, which successfully described the adsorption behaviors of the off-gas released from vehicle spray painting booth.  相似文献   
6.
Problem: The occurrence and outcome of traffic crashes have long been recognized as complex events involving interactions between many factors, including the roadway, driver, traffic characteristics, and the environment. This study is concerned with the outcome of the crash. Method: Driver injury severity levels are analyzed using the ordered probit modeling methodology. Models were developed for roadway sections, signalized intersections, and toll plazas in Central Florida. All models showed the significance of driver's age, gender, seat belt use, point of impact, speed, and vehicle type on the injury severity level. Other variables were found significant only in specific cases. Results: A driver's violation was significant in the case of signalized intersections. Alcohol, lighting conditions, and the existence of a horizontal curve affected the likelihood of injuries in the roadway sections' model. A variable specific to toll plazas, vehicles equipped with Electronic Toll Collection (ETC), had a positive effect on the probability of higher injury severity at toll plazas. Other variables that entered into some of the models were weather condition, area type, and some interaction factors. This study illustrates the similarities and the differences in the factors that affect injury severity between different locations.  相似文献   
7.
针对高速公路收费亭内空气质量差、污染严重的问题,为改善收费亭内工作环境、保障作业人员的身体健康,采用空气幕隔断方式抑制污染物进入亭内。运用Airpak软件对空气幕不同送风速度和送风角度下的抑制效果进行数值模拟,计算结果表明:空气幕可以有效抑制污染物侵入收费亭内;竖直向下送风时,随着送风速度的增加,抑制效果有所增加,当送风速度达到2.0 m/s时,继续增大送风速度对抑制效果的提升不明显;送风角度为0°、5°、10°时,空气幕能起到较好的抑制作用,当送风角度增大至15°、30°时,抑制效果有所降低。  相似文献   
8.
生物滴滤-生物过滤组合工艺处理汽车喷漆废气中试研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
采用中试规模的生物滴滤-生物过滤组合工艺设备处理某汽车厂喷漆车间废气,研究了组合式反应器对废气的净化效果和2处理单元对污染组分的去除能力及微生物特性.该汽车厂喷漆车间废气中的主要组分为甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丁醇、丙酮和甲基丙基甲酮.组合式反应器对废气中的污染物有较好的处理效果,但不同的污染组分在不同处理单元...  相似文献   
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