交通干线铅污染对两侧土壤和蔬菜的影响

为了调查交通干线上汽车尾气的铅污染对两侧土壤和蔬菜的影响，淮阴市环境监测中心站于１９９７年至１９９８年在宁连一级公路（淮阴段）选择３个区域，横穿公路布设３个剖面，每个剖面设置１０个监测点，对大气、土壤和蔬菜中铅含量进行监测。结果表明，大气中铅含量与土壤表层、蔬菜叶片中铅含量正相关，与深层土壤中铅含量相关不明显。指出交通干线两侧应减少蔬菜的种植，加大树木和花卉的种植，同时大力提倡无铅化汽油的使用，友  

北京市通州污灌区土壤环境质量监测和蔬菜重金属污染状况研究

通过对北京市通州污灌区土壤现状调查与蔬菜重金属污染监测,结合土壤环境质量标准、食品卫生标准及污灌区污染历史,分析对比该区土壤和蔬菜重金属污染状况及其变化。结果表明,本次监测通州污灌区土壤中重金属平均含量均达到土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)中二级标准限量。对照土壤中的重金属Cu、Pb、Cr、Cd和As均达到土壤一级标准。凉水河两岸和通惠北干渠中重金属含量均高于对照土壤,说明污灌区污水灌溉已使土壤受到一定程度的污染。与二十世纪70年代末监测结果相比,土壤中多数重金属含量处于上升趋势。污灌区蔬菜重金属含量监测结果表明,其含量水平均达到食品卫生标准,说明污灌区蔬菜尚未受到严重污染。  

植物酯酶片快速测定蔬菜上有机磷农药

介绍了一种能简便快速测定蔬菜表面有机磷农药的植物酯酶片。它具有价格低，易获取，稳定性好等特点，适用于田间、农贸市场和家庭无仪器设备条件下检测有机磷农药的危险水平。对常用几种有机磷农药，其检测限在０．０６ｍｇ／ｋｇ￣１０．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ范围。  

基于GIS的南京市典型蔬菜基地土壤重金属污染现状与评价

对南京市八卦洲蔬菜基地土壤中的铅、铬、铜和镉进行测定分析,利用不同的评价标准来评价其环境质量状况,同时借助GIS软件研究了污染指数的空间分布状况,并解析了其重金属污染的来源.结果表明,以自然背景值为评价标准,则蔬菜地土壤中的重金属都超过污染指标,其中镉为首要污染因子;以国标二级为评价标准,则除镉以外的三种重金属的单项污染指数值全都小于1,但其综合污染指数迭1.50,总体上属轻污染状况.南京化工因区、南京长江二桥和各种农业生产活动等可能是主要污染源.  

贵州省典型农业区土壤重金属污染及在蔬菜中的富集研究

选择贵州省遵义县4个镇典型农业区,研究重金属含量和污染特征以及在蔬菜中的富集作用.结果表明,由于贵州省重金属本底值普遍较高,遵义县虾子镇、永乐镇、新舟镇和喇叭镇土壤Cd、Hg、As均有超标,Cd的超标率分别为64.3%、31.3%、23.5%和6.3%,Hg的超标率分别为37.5%、11.8%、12.5%和28.6%,As的超标率分别为6.3%、23.5%、31.3%和28.6%;从蔬幕对重金属的富集作用来看,辣椒、西红柿对于Cd有较强的富集作用,豇豆对As的富集系数略高于其它蔬菜,黄瓜、豇豆对Hg的富集强于对其它重金属元素的富集.  

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定苏州开发区26 种蔬菜中铜锌铁锰镍

用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了苏州开发区26种蔬菜中的铜、锌、铁、锰和镍的含量。蔬菜样品用硝酸高氯酸混合酸进行消解。4次测定值的相对标准差<5%,加标回收率在92%～107%之间。26种蔬菜中铜、锌、铁、锰、镍的含量基本均在世贸组织规定的范围内。  

重庆市菜地土壤和蔬菜中Hg、Pb的污染特征及相关性分析

通过对重庆市菜地土壤和蔬菜 Hg、Pb的含量分析 ,发现土壤 Hg含量远远大于背景值 ,并且土壤 Hg的含量与菜地周围的环境密切相关 ;土壤 Pb的含量同背景值相差不大。Hg、Pb在土壤和蔬菜中的污染特征表现为主城区 >近郊区 >远郊区 ;并且不同蔬菜品种中 Hg、Pb的含量差异较大 ,在不同蔬菜种类表现为叶菜类 >果菜类 >根菜类。相关性分析表明同一菜地土壤和蔬菜中 Hg、Pb含量无相关性 ;不同菜地土壤和蔬菜 Hg、Pb含量不具有相关性。  

酶抑制法检测蔬菜中的有机磷农药

对新型酶抑制检测蔬菜中有机磷农药残留量的方法进行了研究，介绍了胆碱酯酶的提取、纯化方法，以及用粗酶和纯酶检测蔬菜中有机磷农药残留量的测定效果，确定了最佳实验条件。对样品的预处理方法进行了改进，得出该法的检测限为1mg／L，对甲基对硫磷等几种常用农药的加标回收率为90．4％～112％，相对标准偏差为1．06％～9．83％，表明三项评价指标均符合全国农药残留科研协作组对农药残留分析方法的基本要求。  

Preliminary investigation of submerged aquatic vegetation mapping using hyperspectral remote sensing

The use of airborne hyperspectral remote sensing imagery for automated mapping of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the tidal Potomac River was investigated for near to real-time resource assessment and monitoring. Airborne hyperspectral imagery and field spectrometer measurements were obtained in October of 2000. A spectral library database containing selected ground-based and airborne sensor spectra was developed for use in image processing. The spectral library is used to automate the processing of hyperspectral imagery for potential real-time material identification and mapping. Field based spectra were compared to the airborne imagery using the database to identify and map two species of SAV (Myriophyllum spicatum and Vallisneria americana). Overall accuracy of the vegetation maps derived from hyperspectral imagery was determined by comparison to a product that combined aerial photography and field based sampling at the end of the SAV growing season. The algorithms and databases developed in this study will be useful with the current and forthcoming space-based hyperspectral remote sensing systems.  

The Vegetation of Wet Meadows in Relation to Their Land-use

Wetland biomonitoring approaches are needed to determine when changes in response to stressors are occurring and to predict the consequences of proposed land-use changes. These approaches require an understanding of shifts in biota that occur in response to land-use, data that are lacking for most kinds of wetlands. Changes in floristic composition corresponding to land-use differences at multiple scales (site to 2500 m radius) were characterized for 40 wet meadows associated with prairie glacial marshes in Minnesota (U.S.A.). In general, guild was more useful than species composition for indicating land-use impacts. Site impacts (stormwater, cultivation) and landscape disturbance (agriculture and urbanization, combined), coincide with a reduction in native graminoid and herbaceous perennial abundance (e.g., Carex lasiocarpa, Calamagrostis canadensis, Spartina pectinata). This vegetation is replaced with annuals (e.g, Bidens cernua, Polygonum pensylvanicum) in recently cultivated sites or introduced perennials (e.g., Phalaris arundinacea, Typha angustifolia) and floating aquatics (lemnids) in stormwater impacted wetlands. Ditches also reduce native perennial importance and increase perennials, but only when they are in highly impacted landscapes.