Accumulation of heavy metals from contaminated soil to plants and evaluation of soil remediation by vermiculite

We evaluated the distribution of 15 metal ions, namely Al, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, La, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sc, Ti, V, Y, Zn and Zr, in the soil of a contaminated site in Piedmont (Italy). This area was found to be heavily contaminated with Cu, Cr and Ni. The availability of these metal ions was studied using Tessier’s sequential extraction procedure: the fraction of mobile species, which potentially is the most harmful for the environment, was much higher than that normally present in unpolluted soils. This soil was hence used to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with vermiculite to reduce the availability of the pollutants to two plants, Lactuca sativa and Spinacia oleracea, by pot experiments. The results indicated that the addition of vermiculite significantly reduces the uptake of metal pollutants by plants, confirming the possibility of using this clay in amendment treatments of metal-contaminated soils. The effect of plant growth on metal fractionation in soils was investigated. Finally, the sum of the metal percentages extracted into the first two fractions of Tessier’s protocol was found to be suitable in predicting the phytoavailability of most of the pollutants present in the investigated soil.     

蛭石在除氮技术中的应用研究

研究了蛭石在实验条件下去除污水中氨氮的方法,以及污水中pH、温度、浓度、蛭石目数等对去除氨氮的影响,为蛭石作为一种新型填料的应用提供了基础数据和理论依据。     

改良剂对重金属复合污染土壤的修复效果

为揭示不同改良剂及其联合施用对重金属复合污染土壤的修复效果,采用室内土壤培养实验和室外盆栽实验相结合,研究不同施用量（10和20 g·kg-1）的蛭石（A）、泥炭（B）和骨粉（C）以及两两组合施用下,改良剂对土壤重金属DTPA有效态、植物（以空心菜为例）生物量、株高以及植物可食部重金属含量的影响。结果表明：不同处理条件下的土壤pH值的提升与空白对照相比变化不显著;单施2%泥炭对土壤重金属Cu、Zn的钝化效果优于其他处理组,相对空白对照组,在第42天2种金属有效态含量分别降低了57.65%和65.55%,而1%蛭石和1%骨粉的混合添加能有效降低土壤中有效态Cd含量,相对空白对照组在第42天有效态Cd含量降低了40.52%;3种改良剂单施和混施对空心菜均具有增产增收的显著效果,且混施改良剂对空心菜增产效果较好;各处理组中空心菜体内Cu、Zn和Cd含量均有显著的降低,其中2%泥炭、1%蛭石+1%泥炭和1%蛭石+1%骨粉处理组分别对空心菜体内Cu、Zn和Cd含量降低效果最好,相对空白对照组分别降低了75.39%、70.75%和75.42%。因此,在该污染类型土壤泥炭、蛭石+泥炭和蛭石+骨粉分别对空心菜吸收土壤中的Cu、Zn和Cd具有较好的阻控效果。