Vallisneria natans decomposition rates and associated macroinvertebrates,microbes and microalgae along a vertical depth gradient in an urban lake (Nanhu Lake,China)

Knowledge on aquatic macrophyte decomposition has well developed, yet the decomposition and associated biotic factors along a vertical gradient in waters remain less examined. Here, we used Vallianeria natans leaves to investigate the decomposition rate and associated decomposers and microalgae at different vertical depths, by placing V. natans leaves into litterbags (0.5 and 5?mm meshes) and incubating them at the air–water interface (AW), sediment-water (SW) interface, and 10?cm (B10) or 20?cm (B20) burial in sediment over 60 days in a littoral zone of lake. Decomposition rates decreased with increased depths in each mesh size, with significant differences among and between AW (0.028?d^?1), SW (0.022?d^?1), B10 (0.014?d^?1) and B20 (0.011?d^?1) treatments in 0.5?mm litterbags and no significant difference between B10 (0.027?d^?1) and B20 (0.025?d^?1) in 5?mm litterbags. The average contribution of macroinvertebrates to biomass loss was highest in B20 (44.66%), lowest in AW (22.66%) and midst in both SW (25.35%) and B10 (38.78%), and was much less than that of both microbes and microalgae at each location. We show the importance of macroinvertebrates, microbes and microalgae in mediating macrophyte decomposition rate in response to different vertical locations in freshwaters.     

新形势下环境质量综合分析思路探讨

随着中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会的顺利召开,环保"大部制"改革、环境监测垂直管理制度改革以及国家"大气十条""水十条""土十条"的全面实施均对生态环境保护、环境监测乃至环境质量综合分析工作提出了新要求。新形势下,环境质量综合分析应与时俱进、开拓创新,进一步优化工作机制,加强系统分析,增强综合分析报告的科学性、规范性、时效性、精准性、客观性等,强化技术与能力支撑,更好发挥环境监测对环境管理和决策的引领作用。     

污水处理消毒技术及发展方向

水循环过程中因受自然因素和人类的生活生产活动的影响,杂质和异物带入水循环形成污水。污水主要包括城市生活污水、工业废水和径流污水。若这些污水若不经处理就排入地面水体,就会使河流、湖泊受到严重污染。污水经过二级处理后,仍可能有病原菌,因此必须对污水进行消毒。本文分析比较了紫外线消毒以及氯消毒技术的适用条件、优缺点,还比较分析比较了二氧化氯消毒以及臭氧消毒技术的适用条件与优缺点,并对污水消毒技术的发展方向进行了探讨。     

智能化有害有毒气体污染源监测仪的研究

为了快速寻找有害有毒气体污染源,利用8个红外激光气体传感器,分别安装步进电机驱动旋转的圆盘圆周上在不同的方向上对污染气体进行数据采集。同时与二维热差式风速风向传感器采集到的风速风向数据,一并送入MSC1210单片机进行数据处理和运用智能人工神经网络进行模式训练与模式识别,从而识别出污染源的位置、浓度和种类。通过GPS全球卫星定位系统和GPRS无线传输网络,把监测到的信息发送给相关部门早做处理,并报警,避免污染进一步扩散。实验表明,该智能化追索气体污染源监测仪具有良好的可靠性、安全性和实用性。     

气象条件对上甸子地区气溶胶散射特征的影响

利用北京地区上甸子站气溶胶散射系数、PM2.5质量浓度和气象要素1 a的观测资料,研究不同天气条件下上甸子地区散射系数的变化特征,并讨论了气象条件对散射系数的影响.结果表明,散射系数在雾霾天最高608.4 Mm-1,其次为雾天500.6 Mm-1和霾天423.7 Mm-1,是一般天气散射系数的6.4～9.2倍.在各类天...     

滇池大清河河口二维水环境模型研究与应用

以滇池大清河河口为对象,根据其水动力特征,建立了二维水环境模型.其中水动力模块采用交替方向迭代法进行数值求解,水质模块中参数的取值通过2006年和2007年现场原位实验和实验室模拟实验获得,并利用2007年的实际监测数据对模型进行率定和验证.运用率定的模型,模拟了生态修复工程实施后大清河人湖控制断面的水质变化情况,以期为治理方案的优化和效果评价提供参考.     

二类功能区噪声垂直变化特征监测试验研究

通过在二类标准适用区进行不同高度的噪声监测试验,利用获得的监测数据进行统计分析,找出不同高度噪声Leq小时值的统计特征,从而确定二类功能区噪声垂直变化规律。     

青岛华威风电场风能资源分析

根据华威风电场2008年4月1日-2009年3月31日一整年的测风仪测风资料,对风电场的风能资源各参数进行了详细地计算和分析,对风电场的风能资源进行评价,为当地的风能开发提供分析基础。     

海上平台设计中几个安全问题的探讨

本文针对海上平台设计中直接关系到海上平台安全的几个问题,如参考风向选取、挡风墙设置、消防水喷淋设置等进行了研究,并针对其存在的问题提出了具体的改进建议,即:在海上平台总体布置设计中,采用"最小频率风向"作为参考风向;设置挡风墙应尽量避免采用全墙体的固定式挡风墙,建议采用推拉式、开窗式等类型;在消防水喷淋的设计中,应遵循...     

Case study of landfill leachate recirculation using small-diameter vertical wells

A case study of landfill liquids addition using small diameter (5 cm) vertical wells is reported. More than 25,000 m³ of leachate was added via 134 vertical wells installed 3 m, 12 m, and 18 m deep over five years in a landfill in Florida, US. Liquids addition performance (flow rate per unit screen length per unit liquid head) ranged from 5.6 × 10^?8 to 3.6 × 10^?6 m³ s^?1 per m screen length per m liquid head. The estimated radial hydraulic conductivity ranged from 3.5 × 10^?6 to 4.2 × 10^?4 m s^?1. The extent of lateral moisture movement ranged from 8 to 10 m based on the responses of moisture sensors installed around vertical well clusters, and surface seeps were found to limit the achievable liquids addition rates, despite the use of concrete collars under a pressurized liquids addition scenario. The average moisture content before (51 samples) and after (272 samples) the recirculation experiments were 23% (wet weight basis) and 45% (wet weight basis), respectively, and biochemical methane potential measurements of excavated waste indicated significant (p < 0.025) decomposition.