Inhibition character of crotonaldehyde manufacture wastewater on biological acidification

• The inhibition of the main organic pollutions in CMW was demonstrated. • Variations of AK and BK showed a high correlation with the SAA of Ac and n-Bu. • The inhibitory degree was in the order of Ac>n-Bu for individual toxicants. • Biodegradation products of the main toxicants were analyzed. This work aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of crotonaldehyde manufacture wastewater (CMW) on biological acidification. To reveal the inhibitory effect of wastewater to the anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS), variations of the specific acidogenic activity (SAA) and activities of key enzymes were investigated. The results indicated that the dosage of CMW causing a 50% effect concentration (EC₅₀) on the activity of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) production was 380 mg COD/g VSS. The inhibitory effect of individual toxicants in CMW on the activity of TVFA production were in the order of crotonaldehyde>ethyl sorbate>(E,E)-2,4-hexadienal, and their inhibitory degrees on individual VFA products were acetic acid (Ac)>n-butyric acid (n-Bu), which could correspond to the variations in the activities of acetate kinase (AK) and butyrate kinase (BK). Furthermore, the combined effect of three toxicants on the activity of TVFA production was significantly higher than that of any individual toxicant, and the contribution of the relative toxicity to CMW was 77.27%. Additionally, the biodegradation products of the main toxicants indicated that the removal of crotonaldehyde and (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal was primarily due to the hydrogenation of alkene and aldehyde and the oxidation of aldehyde. Nevertheless, the removal of ethyl sorbate was primarily based on adsorption. In conclusion, biological acidification has a limited ability to treatment CMW, therefore, a further pretreatment technology should be used to remove the main toxicant of wastewater.     

Precursors and potential sources of ground-level ozone in suburban Shanghai

• Air masses from Zhejiang Province is the major source of O₃ in suburban Shanghai. • O₃ formation was in VOC-sensitive regime in rural Shanghai. • O₃ formation was most sensitive to propylene in rural Shanghai. A high level of ozone (O₃) is frequently observed in the suburbs of Shanghai, the reason for this high level remains unclear. To obtain a detailed insight on the high level of O₃ during summer in Shanghai, O₃ and its precursors were measured at a suburban site in Shanghai from July 1, 2016 to July 31, 2016. Using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model and concentration weighted trajectories (CWT), we found that Zhejiang province was the main potential source of O₃ in suburban Shanghai. When the sampling site was controlled by south-western winds exceeding 2 m/s, the O₃-rich air masses from upwind regions (such as Zhejiang province) could be transported to the suburban Shanghai. The propylene-equivalent concentration (PEC) and ozone formation potential (OFP) were further calculated for each VOC species, and the results suggested that propylene, (m+p)-xylene, and toluene played dominant roles in O₃ formation. The Ozone Isopleth Plotting Research (OZIPR) model was used to reveal the impact of O₃ precursors on O₃ formation, and 4 base-cases were selected to adjust the model simulation. An average disparity of 18.20% was achieved between the simulated and observed O₃ concentrations. The O₃ isopleth diagram illustrated that O₃ formation in July 2016 was in VOC-sensitive regime, although the VOC/NO_x ratio was greater than 20. By introducing sensitivity (S), a sensitivity analysis was performed for O₃ formation. We found that O₃ formation was sensitive to propylene, (m+p)-xylene, o-xylene and toluene. The results provide theoretical support for O₃ pollution treatment in Shanghai.     

挥发性有机废气治理技术的现状与进展

本文通过查阅文献资料,总结了当前企业挥发性有机废气产生情况、政策管理办法以及相关处理技术,并分析了未来挥发性有机废气治理政策发展趋势,旨在提高挥发性有机废气治理效率,提高空气环境质量。     

秦皇岛市重点工业企业VOCs排放及分布特征

工业企业挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染排放对大气环境影响日益突出,工业源VOCs污染防治成为环境保护的重点工作。为进一步提高秦皇岛市工业源挥发性有机物(VOCs)治理的科学性、针对性和有效性,对2019年秦皇岛市重点排污企业VOCs的排污量、区域分布、排放行业等进行了详细调查分析:秦皇岛市重点工业源VOCs排放总量为6875.83t,排放量最大的区域是秦皇岛经济技术开发区,占比51.1%;排放量最大的行业是交通运输设备制造业,占总排放量的33.5%;溶剂使用源的排放量最大,占比52.3%。     

一株高效苯酚降解菌的性能研究及动力学分析

苯酚和酚类化合物是工业废水中的主要环境污染物,如焦化厂、炼油厂和石油化工厂等,去除工业废水中的酚类化合物对环境保护有极其重要的意义。通过富集驯化,从石化污水处理厂的活性污泥中筛选出一株产生物表面活性剂的高效苯酚降解菌。并对其进行了生理生化鉴定及降解性能的研究。实验结果表明,BPH-3菌为假单胞杆菌;菌株最佳的降解条件pH=7.0,温度为30℃,转速为150 r/min,最高耐盐度为3%,在接种量为5%,苯酚初始质量浓度为600 mg/L,菌株12 h内的降解率可达100%。     

呼和浩特城区冬季近地面挥发性有机物污染特征初步研究

挥发性有机物(VOCs)是环境空气监测的主要目标污染物。本文运用罐采样-三级冷阱预浓缩-中心切割-气相色谱(FID)/气质联用法对人群主要活动的近地面不同高度、不同时间段及不同区域的呼和浩特冬季大气环境中挥发性有机物进行定性定量分析。发现典型天气情况下,呼和浩特城区冬季近地面挥发性有机物组分中烷烃和芳香烃占比较高,城区西侧所监测点位挥发性有机物总量(TVOCs)浓度高于其他区域,且其浓度在高度和时段上存在明显差异。     

黑碳吸附/解吸对微生物降解苯酚的影响

本文以黑碳为吸附介质,苯酚为吸附质,研究了黑碳上吸附的苯酚以及液相中的苯酚对微生物降解的影响。苯酚降解微生物选择假单胞菌,它能够以苯酚为唯一碳源和能源。通过实验得出,Freundlich吸附模型能够较好地描述苯酚在黑碳上的吸附;在实验浓度和时间条件下,假单胞杆菌降解苯酚呈现零级反应,在有黑碳的体系中,苯酚降解速度为5.77 mg.L-1.h-1,在无黑碳的体系中,苯酚降解速度为2.67 mg.L-1.h-1,黑碳促进了细菌降解苯酚,加大苯酚的降解速度。实验在有黑碳的体系中可以得出黑碳上苯酚的脱附速率跟不上细菌的降解速率,当液相中的苯酚降解完成后,黑碳的苯酚脱附是细菌降解苯酚的限制条件。     

紫外辐射下的生物降解及微生物群落的变化

分别采用一体式循环床紫外光/生物膜反应器（PCBBR）和气升式内循环的紫外光/生物膜反应器（ILPBR）,用于苯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚（TCP）和抗生素药物磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）的降解.结果表明,苯酚、TCP和SMX在紫外光解与生物降解的共同作用下,其去除速率分别达到0.65、0.11和0.17 mg.（L.min）–1...     

苯酚对生物硝化过程的抑制

硝化细菌由于其特殊的生理生态特性,容易受环境因素和共存有毒有害物质的影响,使硝化过程不稳定,脱氮效率降低.采用批式试验,研究了苯酚对生物硝化过程的抑制效应.结果表明,苯酚对硝化有抑制作用,该抑制属非竞争性抑制,是可逆的.苯酚与2,4-二氯酚共存时产生叠加抑制效应.且抑制剂存在时,温度对硝化速率影响更大.因此含酚废水生物脱氮处理时需引起注意.     

两性-阳离子复配修饰塿土对苯酚的吸附

研究了采用两性表面修饰剂十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)和阳离子表面修饰剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)复配修饰塿土后对苯酚的吸附反应和热力学特征,并探讨其吸附机理.结果表明,复配修饰后的土样对苯酚的吸附能力明显增强.20℃时表现为CK(原土)50BS(50%BS-12)100BS(100%BS-12)50BS+25CT(50%BS-12+25%CTMAB)100BS+25CT(100%BS-12+25%CTMAB)50BS+50CT(50%BS-12+50%CTMAB)100BS+50CT(100%BS-12+50%CTMAB),40℃时表现为CK(原土)50BS(50%BS-12)100BS(100%BS-12)50BS+25CT(50%BS-12+25%CTMAB)50BS+50CT(50%BS-12+50%CTMAB)100BS+25CT(100%BS-12+25%CTMAB)100BS+50CT(100%BS-12+50%CTMAB).其吸附等温线可用Henry模型描述.供试土样对苯酚的吸附呈现放热焓减反应特征,属于焓减控制的自发性过程.