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1.
在突发环境污染事件和区域生态风险筛查中迫切需要环境样品中重金属离子的快速检测技术手段。环境样品中重金属离子的快速检测技术有电化学方法和生物学方法。电化学检测方法主要是阳极溶出伏安法(AnodicStripping Voltammetry,ASV),可以同时检测多种重金属离子,有标准化认证的产品,但是检测成本相对较高。随着纳米粒子技术(Nanoparticles,NPs)和石英微天平分析技术(Quartz Crystal Microbalance,QCM)的引入,ASV法的检测成本将不断降低;生物检测方法包括免疫检测(Immunoassay,IA)和功能DNA(Functional DNA)检测技术。重金属离子的免疫检测技术样品通量大,检测成本低,已经广泛用于食品行业,其中汞离子的免疫检测方法已经成为环境样品标准检测方法之一。免疫检测传感器技术将拓展重金属离子的快速检测的应用空间。功能DNA传感器检测的研究为重金属离子的快速检测提供了新的技术手段,但是这些仅限于实验室研究,还没有达到实际应用的水平。  相似文献   
2.
During weathering of igneous rocks thallium can be readily mobilized as TI+ in aqueous phase and picked up by plants. In this way it can reach the alimentary cycle of both livestock and humans. Since the toxicity of thallium is well-established, an analytical procedure for its determination is optimized in order to contribute to the knowledge of TI+ distribution in specific environments. The analytical method is applied to fluid phase samples from Vulcano island (Italy) and from other volcanic areas.  相似文献   
3.
纳米铂微粒电极催化氧化有机污染物的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用电化学阴极还原-阳极氧化方法制备了纳米铂微粒电极.电极表面的微观结构表征表明,铂微粒在三维网状的氧化钛膜孔道中呈均匀、高度分散状态,且粒径细小,铂微粒充分裸露,使得纳米铂微粒电极活性点多,电催化性能高.采用循环伏安法研究了铂微粒电极对有机小分子代表性物质甲醇的电催化氧化行为.结果表明,在酸性、中性和碱性介质中纳米铂微粒电极对甲醇的电催化氧化性能均明显优于光滑铂片电极,甲醇在纳米铂微粒电极上产生的氧化电流密度比光滑铂片电极高100倍以上.2种铂电极催化氧化降解甲醇、苯酚和甲基橙3种有机物时,纳米铂微粒电极的平均氧化电流效率是光滑铂片电极的数倍,这进一步表明纳米铂微粒电极对有机污染物具有良好的催化氧化降解能力.  相似文献   
4.
本文报导了在0.1%的乙二胺介质中,在悬汞电极上可得到一灵敏的微分脉冲阴极溶出峰电流.峰电位约为-0.21伏(相对于Ag—Agcl电极)。CN~-浓度在0.01—9.0ppm范围内,与峰电流有线性关系.其检测限为0.1ppb。不经分离,可直接用于电镀废水和其它水质中痕量氰化物的测定.  相似文献   
5.
The accumulation of lead (Pb) in tilapias Oreochromis niloticus, acclimatized in cement tanks, and fed once a day with pellets of commercial food with lead nitrate, was investigated by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWV). The head (including head bones, proteins, and brain) was the main target of lead uptake by tilapias, with a small amount in muscle tissue. A high concentration of Pb was found in feces which indicated low absorption by the organism when fed with high Pb concentration. The protective effects of zinc (Zn) against the Pb poisoning, the accumulation of Pb in the heads of the fishes of 107.8?±?3.1?mg?kg?1 and in the viscera of 57.1?±?2.9?mg?kg?1 with consequent decrease of calcium (Ca) concentration, were observed. In spite of the experimental time of 16 months and higher Pb concentration in the dietary food of 320?mg?kg?1, no death of tilapias was observed due to the protective action of Zn.  相似文献   
6.
The fate of cyanides in soil is strongly influenced by the formation of Fe cyanides, which can interact with organic and inorganic colloids and precipitate as stable compounds. Scarce information is available on the capacity of humic acids to interact with cyano-complexes and thus affect the leaching and prevent the risk of contamination of watertable. Here we show that interaction between humic acids (HAs) and ferricyanide complex led to a formation of ferricyanide-humo micelles, and that the interaction did not imply changes in the original structure of ferricyanide complex.  相似文献   
7.
伏安法测定地下水中的氟   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文采用三电极系统(工作电极:玻碳电极;参比电极:甘汞电极;辅助电极:铂电极)研究了Pr(Ⅲ)-ALC-F体系吸附波的特性。在pH=1.0的六次甲基四胺、硝酸溶液中,峰电位Ep=-0.66V(vs.SCE)处,峰电流与F浓度在1×10-7至1×10-5mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为:8×10-8mol/L,精密度为;0.7%。本法适用于各种样品的分析,具有灵敏度高,抗干扰能力强,试验简便无毒的特点。用该方法测定了地下水中的氟离子,结果令人满意。  相似文献   
8.
痕量铬的吸附溶出伏安法测定及其形态分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究了Cr~(3+)—PAR配合物的吸附伏安特性,建立了痕量Cr~(3+)的吸附溶出伏安测定方法。对武汉市沙湖水中铬的主要形态进行了分离和测定,提出了简易的分离系统。  相似文献   
9.
将城市污泥区分为水溶态、胶体、生物絮凝态和颗粒态四种组分。用方波阳极溶出伏安法对其中具有直接毒性和生物有效性的水溶态Cd进行了分析,结果表明:水溶态Cd的含量为0.21mg/kg,其中电化学活性态含量较多占52.7%,可交换态含量较少占14.9%;两种形态Cd的含量随浸提时间和温度的变化基本一致并且呈一定的规律性。利用方波阳极溶出伏安法测定城市污泥中水溶态痕量金属有很高的灵敏度,检测限可低至10-10mol/L,并且在一定程度上能获得与金属毒性的一致性。  相似文献   
10.
The electroanalytical behaviors of the endocrine-disrupting chemical trifluralin have been studied at a nanostructuring electrode. The nanostructuring electrode was fabricated by coating a uniform multi-wall carbon nanotubes/dihexadecyl hydrogen phosphate (MWNTs/DHP) film on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The reduction peak currents of trifluralin increased remarkably and the reduction peak potential shifted positively at the nanostructuring electrode, compared with that at a bare GCE. The results showed that this nanostructuring electrode exhibited excellent enhancement effects on the electrochemical reduction of trifluralin. Consequently, a simple and sensitive electroanalytical method was developed for the determination of trifluralin. Under optimal conditions, a linear response of trifluralin was obtained in the range from 5.0 × 10−9 to 6.0 × 10−6 mol L−1 (r = 0.998) and with a limit of detect (LOD) of 2.0 × 10−9 mol L−1. The proposed procedure was successfully applied to determine trifluralin in soil samples with satisfactory results.  相似文献   
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