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1.
工业废水中重金属的存在威胁着环境和人类健康,有效去除环境中的重金属离子具有重要意义。论文简要介绍了近年来石墨基复合材料负载纳米零价铁(nZVI)去除废水中重金属离子的研究,探讨了多种石墨基负载nZVI复合材料对重金属离子的吸附特性和环境条件对吸附性能的影响因素,并对其未来的研究和应用进行了总结和展望。  相似文献   
2.
Wildlife conservation and management (WCM) practices have been historically drawn from a wide variety of academic fields, yet practitioners have been slow to engage with emerging conversations about animals as complex beings, whose individuality and sociality influence their relationships with humans. We propose an explicit acknowledgement of wild, nonhuman animals as active participants in WCM. We examined 190 studies of WCM interventions and outcomes to highlight 3 common assumptions that underpin many present approaches to WCM: animal behaviors are rigid and homogeneous; wildlife exhibit idealized wild behavior and prefer pristine habitats; and human–wildlife relationships are of marginal or secondary importance relative to nonhuman interactions. We found that these management interventions insufficiently considered animal learning, decision-making, individuality, sociality, and relationships with humans and led to unanticipated detrimental outcomes. To address these shortcomings, we synthesized theoretical advances in animal behavioral sciences, animal geographies, and animal legal theory that may help conservation professionals reconceptualize animals and their relationships with humans. Based on advances in these fields, we constructed the concept of animal agency, which we define as the ability of animals to actively influence conservation and management outcomes through their adaptive, context-specific, and complex behaviors that are predicated on their sentience, individuality, lived experiences, cognition, sociality, and cultures in ways that shape and reshape shared human–wildlife cultures, spaces, and histories. Conservation practices, such as compassionate conservation, convivial conservation, and ecological justice, incorporate facets of animal agency. Animal agency can be incorporated in conservation problem-solving by assessing the ways in which agency contributes to species’ survival and by encouraging more adaptive and collaborative decision-making among human and nonhuman stakeholders.  相似文献   
3.
Crop damage is the most common impact of negative interactions between people and elephants and poses a significant threat to rural livelihoods and conservation efforts. Numerous approaches to mitigate and prevent crop damage have been implemented throughout Africa and Asia. Despite the documented high efficacy of many approaches, losses remain common, and in many areas, damage is intensifying. We examined the literature on effectiveness of crop-damage-mitigation strategies and identified key gaps in evaluations. We determined there is a need to better understand existing solutions within affected communities and to extend evaluations of effectiveness beyond measurement of efficacy to include rates of and barriers to adoption. We devised a conceptual framework for evaluating effectiveness that incorporates the need for increased emphasis on adoption and can be used to inform the design of future crop-damage mitigation assessments for elephants and conflict species more widely. The ability to prevent crop loss in practice is affected by both the efficacy of a given approach and rates of uptake among target users. We identified the primary factors that influence uptake as local attitudes, sustainability, and scalability and examined each of these factors in detail. We argue that even moderately efficacious interventions may make significant progress in preventing damage if widely employed and recommend that wherever possible scientists and practitioners engage with communities to build on and strengthen existing solutions and expertise. When new approaches are required, they should align with local attitudes and fit within limitations on labor, financial requirements, and technical capacity.  相似文献   
4.
• Isotope dilution method was developed for the determination of 27 PPCPs in water. • The established method was successfully applied to different types of water samples. • The correction effect of corresponding 27 ILSs over 70 d was investigated. • Benefit of isotopic dilution method was illustrated for three examples. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are a unique group of emerging and non-persistent contaminants. In this study, 27 PPCPs in various water samples were extracted by solid phase extraction (SPE), and determined by isotope dilution method using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem triple quadruple mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). A total of 27 isotopically labeled standards (ILSs) were applied to correct the concentration of PPCPs in spiked ultrapure water, drinking water, river, effluent and influent sewage. The corrected recoveries were 73%–122% with the relative standard deviation (RSD)<16%, except for acetaminophen. The matrix effect for all kinds of water samples was<22% and the method quantitation limits (MQLs) were 0.45–8.6 ng/L. The developed method was successfully applied on environmental water samples. The SPE extracts of spiked ultrapure water, drinking water, river and wastewater effluent were stored for 70 days, and the ILSs-corrected recoveries of 27 PPCPs were obtained to evaluate the correction ability of ILSs in the presence of variety interferences. The recoveries of 27 PPCPs over 70 days were within the scope of 72%–140% with the recovery variation<37% in all cases. The isotope dilution method seems to be of benefit when the extract has to be stored for long time before the instrument analysis.  相似文献   
5.
随着浙江"五水共治"工作的深化,宁波作为浙江"五水共治"的中坚力量,始终把"五水共治"作为全市工作的首要任务和突破重点。自1999年进行清淤后,月湖水质得到短期改善,然而治标不治本的治理措施,并没有让月湖水质得到根本改善。因此,对月湖进行科学有效的生态修复,针对性地处理水污染问题,使之重新焕发活力具有十分重要的意义。  相似文献   
6.
阐述了水生态健康的内涵与意义,从江苏省率先在太湖流域开展水生态环境功能分区管理的顶层设计,构建以水生态健康指标为核心的水生态健康评估技术体系,地方对照水生态环境功能区划的水生态分级管控目标开展的应用与实践结果等3个方面,回顾了江苏省太湖流域水生态健康评估工作的主要进展,提出了完善水生态健康评估技术体系和推进流域水生态健康评估工作的建议。  相似文献   
7.
介绍了瑞典的水环境保护法规政策、水环境保护机构、污水处理体系及其在水环境保护方面的特色做法。结合目前我国水环境管理所处的阶段,从顶层设计、宣传教育、项目管理、污染防治等方面,总结了瑞典经验对我国水环境保护工作的启示。  相似文献   
8.
为掌握南水北调东线山东境内调蓄湖库在工程运行前后蓝藻种群的分布情况及其环境驱动因子,于2010~2019年的5~11月对南四湖、东平湖、大屯水库、东湖水库和双王城水库进行藻类和水环境调查.共检出浮游蓝藻44种,其中丝状蓝藻23种.湖泊假鱼腥藻、拉氏拟柱孢藻、铜绿微囊藻和惠氏微囊藻在各调蓄湖库的检出频次和密度均较高,是主要有害蓝藻种.通过分析各调蓄湖库蓝藻种群的分布特征,发现丝状蓝藻在水力扰动较大水体中的生长优势较为明显,应成为日后调蓄湖库蓝藻风险防控的重点.Pearson相关性分析和广义线性拟合曲线结果显示,总氮、总磷、水温和水深是影响调蓄湖库主要有害蓝藻种生长的主要环境驱动因子.氮磷营养盐对于有害蓝藻种的生长具有显著的促进作用.湖泊假鱼腥藻具有良好的温度适应性,在夏初秋末仍能成为优势种,而当水温大于25℃时,拉氏拟柱孢藻、铜绿微囊藻和惠氏微囊藻具明显的生长优势.此外,较小的水深更利于拉氏拟柱孢藻的生长.建议在加强控制湖库氮磷营养盐输入的基础上,在夏初和秋末对湖泊假鱼腥藻进行重点监控,并在高温时期密切关注浅水区拉氏拟柱孢藻的生长情况,保障水质安全.  相似文献   
9.
In line with the resource curse literature, this paper examines the effect of oil dependency on the disparities in access to electricity between urban and rural areas in Africa, conditional on the quality of political institutions. Based on data from 36 African countries over the period 2000–2017, our investigation suggests that oil rents (% of GDP) increase urban–rural disparities in access to electricity. However, the quality of institutions shapes the effect of oil dependency on these disparities. Specifically, a 10% increase in the institutional quality score reduces the adverse effects of oil rent on electricity access disparity by around 19%, and the negative impact of oil dependency on urban–rural disparities is reversed when institutional quality reaches a score of 52% on a scale from 0 to 100. The robustness tests support these results and call for strengthening the quality of institutions to overcome the resource curse in Africa.  相似文献   
10.
优化了气相色谱法测定水质中的内吸磷,当取样量为100 m L时,内吸磷-O方法检出限为0. 30μg/L,测定下限为1. 20μg/L;内吸磷-S方法检出限为0. 80μg/L,测定下限为3. 20μg/L。内吸磷-O和内吸磷-S标准曲线线性良好,相关系数分别为0. 999 2和0. 999 8。不同水质中内吸磷-O的加标回收率为90. 3%~104%,相对标准偏差为3. 6%~9. 2%;内吸磷-S的加标回收率为92. 1%~94. 9%,相对标准偏差为4. 6%~8. 7%。该方法灵敏度高,能有效分离内吸磷-O和内吸磷-S,同时能将内吸磷-O、内吸磷-S与其他有机磷农药类干扰物分离。  相似文献   
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