浅谈爆破振动的控制措施

结合爆破振动的作用机理,分别对减少振源爆炸能量、干扰降振、阻断振动波传播途径、控制爆破规模、合理选择分段间隔时间等爆破振动主要控制措施进行了分析讨论。并根据实际施工情况分析了通过电子雷管实现干扰降振的减振效果,为类似工程提供借鉴作用。     

Are older drivers’ driving patterns during an on-road driving task representative of their real-world driving patterns?

Abstract

Objective: The current study investigated whether older drivers’ driving patterns during a customized on-road driving task were representative of their real-world driving patterns.

Methods: Two hundred and eight participants (male: 68.80%; mean age?=?81.52 years, SD?=?3.37 years, range?=?76.00–96.00 years) completed a customized on-road driving task that commenced from their home and was conducted in their own vehicle. Participants’ real-world driving patterns for the preceding 4-month period were also collected via an in-car recording device (ICRD) that was installed in each participant’s vehicle.

Results: During the 4-month period prior to completing the on-road driving task, participants’ median real-world driving trip distance was 2.66?km (interquartile range [IQR]?=?1.14–5.79?km) and their median on-road driving task trip distance was 4.41?km (IQR?=?2.83–6.35?km). Most participants’ on-road driving task trip distances were classified as representative of their real-world driving trip distances (95.2%, n?=?198).

Conclusions: These findings suggest that most older drivers were able to devise a driving route that was representative of their real-world driving trip distance. Future research will examine whether additional aspects of the on-road driving task (e.g., average speed, proportion of trips in different speed zones) are representative of participants’ real-world driving patterns.     

军用电子设备的防雷措施研究

近年来,随着微电子技术和计算机网络在军用装备上的日益普及,雷电带来的危害和经济损失大大增加,仅依靠避雷针防雷己远远达不到电子、微电子、通信等设备的实际防雷需求。分析了雷电灾害对电子设备的危害,并针对目前军用电子设备的防雷现状提出了综合防雷措施。     

广东省电子废物回收处理体系建设对策研究

广东省的电子废物产生量大,亟须建立规范的回收处理处置体系,实现资源的有序回收利用,避免电子废物的不当拆解处理造成环境污染。针对广东省电子废物回收处理的现状和存在问题,提出建设规模化的集中处理体系,产业化的回收利用体系和规范化的统一监管体系的相关对策,以促进电子废物的无害化、减量化和资源化处理处置。     

A review of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and alternative brominated flame retardants in wildlife from China: Levels, trends, and bioaccumulation characteristics

Accelerated industrialization and urbanization, and unregulated disposal of waste of electric and electronic equipment (e-waste) in China have caused environmental pollution of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). This review summarized the levels, trends, and bioaccumulation characteristics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other potential alternative BFRs including hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-dibromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) in wildlife from China. PBDE levels in wildlife from China were generally higher than those from other parts in Asia, and were comparable to those from Europe but were lower than those from North America. However, wildlife from the e-waste recycling sites in South China and East China contained much higher PBDEs compared to other reports around the world, suggesting the heavy contamination of PBDEs in these regions. The alternative BFRs were also detected in wildlife, revealing that the animals are exposed to these chemicals, in addition to PBDEs. Temporal trends indicated by levels in marine mammals from South China suggested that PBDE levels increased from the beginning of 1990s to 2000s, but decreased from the middle of 2000s, followed by relatively steady levels. In contrast, HBCDs were found to be continuously increasing from 1997 to 2007, indicating the increasing usage of HBCDs in China in recent years. Compared to PBDE profiles found in other parts, aquatic species and birds from China contained relatively higher contributions of BDE-28 and 209, respectively, suggesting the possible different usage pattern of PBDEs. Future works including keeping monitoring at a reasonable scale and frequency to make sure levels near urban centers indicative of population do not increase are needed. Additionally, focus effort on e-waste recycling regions to look for impacts and to determine if regulation/controls are resulting in lower environmental contamination, and incorporation of sentinel species in monitoring efforts are recommended.     

工业园区TVOC和恶臭的电子鼻检测技术研究

根据工业园区中TVOC和恶臭可能存在的主要气体组分,筛选传感器阵列,构建用于检测工业园区内TVOC和恶臭的电子鼻系统.本研究设计了TVOC污染指数（TPI）和恶臭污染指数（OPI）及基于电子鼻的现场检测方法.在此基础上,结合嘉兴市乍浦港区内化工园区污染情况分析,选择6个检测点进行现场检测,各传感器响应值经PCA分析,提取了2个主成分即可将8个传感器分为2类：TVOC型（S1）和恶臭型（S2～S8）.将现场采集的气体样品用GC/MS进行定性分析,各采样点TVOC物质积分面积百分比在10%以上的累积起来大多都占总面积的90%以上,而恶臭类物质则大多都在10%以下.结果表明：①选用合适的传感器阵列,结合PCA分析,可以初步反映工业园区内TVOC和恶臭的污染情况;②结合电子鼻测得的污染指数与GC/MS定性分析结果,可以大体得出工业园区TVOC和恶臭总体污染情况及各种污染物分布情况;③电子鼻和GIS技术综合应用到工业园区TVOC和恶臭的检测,能初步用于评估工业园区空间污染情况.     

后勤保障电子装备地下环境适应性研究

电子设备地下环境适应性分析是后勤保障装备研究的重要内容。在分析总结地下环境特性及电子装备材料与结构特点的基础上,研究了电子装备的各类环境效应,得出其环境适应性特点。结合后勤保障电子装备在地下环境实际应用中存在的问题,提出了几项改进措施,为下一代后勤保障电子装备地下环境适应性设计给出指导性意见。     

航天器内部充电评估软件的实现

在欧空局提供的FLUMIC模型的基础上,加入了地球同步轨道GOES卫星在2003--2009年大于2MeV的高能电子通量数据,验证改进了其在L=6．6Re处的理论公式;并利用FLUMIC模型在一般L值情形下的理论公式,设计编写了航天器内部充电评估软件。此软件能计算在一定的时间内,卫星在轨运行时可能遭受的粒子微分通量或积分通量值,以作为航天器高能辐射防护的设计依据。     

电子产品虚拟试验评估技术综述

介绍了虚拟试验技术在电子产品评估鉴定中的应用方法。首先论述了虚拟试验技术产生的背景及其技术优势。然后结合国外的研究状况,重点对电子产品虚拟试验评估技术的基本流程和涉及的关键技术作了总结和归纳。最后,指出虚拟试验技术在电子产品评估中具有广阔的应用前景。