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1.
Shah MH Shaheen N Khalique A Alrabti AA Jaffar M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,114(1-3):505-519
Using nitric acid-perchloric acid wet digestion based FAAS method ten selected metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb and Zn) were determined in the scalp hair of male Pakistani and Libyan donors (n = 62), between 3–54 years age and residing in typical urban areas. The study was taken up to identify sources of metal distribution in two diverse population segments exposed to different environments. Sodium emerged with the highest mean hair concentration of 511.0 μg/g and 496.9 μg/g for Libyan and Pakistani donors respectively, followed by K, at 266.2 μg/g and 242.4 μg/g for the two donor categories. Cadmium showed the lowest mean hair concentration for both Pakistani (0.380 μg/g) and Libyan (0.530 μg/g) donors. Levels of Na, K, Pb, Cr and Cd were higher in hair of Libyan donors compared with Pakistani counterparts which showed higher comparative levels of Zn, Fe, Co, Ni and Mn. Strong metal-to-metal correlations were found between Na–K (r = 0.638) and Cd–Co (r = 0.574) for Pakistani donors, while for Libyan donors, Na–K (r = 0.680) and Fe–Mn (r = 0.624) correlations emerged as strongly significant. Only K was found to have a strong positive correlation (r = 0.611) with age for Pakistani donors while this correlation was significantly negative (r = −0.500) for Libyan donors, probably arising from individual food habits. Other metals showed no viable relationship with age. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) of the data evidenced food, industrial emissions and automobile emissions as possible sources of metal distribution. The results of the present study are compared with those reported for subjects from other regions of the world. 相似文献
2.
通过对沿海和内陆居民食用水产品消费情况调查以及居民头发汞含量的分析,对不同地区普通居民的汞暴露水平进行了对比研究.居民水产品的消费情况采用调查问卷的形式,对沿海地区大连和内陆地区河南两地普通居民进行了随机调查,并同时采集被调查者的头发作为汞暴露情况的生物样本.本次研究共收集到有效调查问卷及头发样本213份(大连112份;河南101份),两地居民水产品消费量分别为:大连104 g·d-1,河南74 g·d-1;收集到的头发样本采用DMA-80测汞仪(按美国EPA-7473的方法)进行总汞含量的测定.头发总汞含量分析结果显示,大连为(0.363±0.256) μg·g-1,河南地区为(0.192±0.167) μg·g-1.两地区对同一年龄段居民发汞水平比较发现,大连地区居民发汞水平明显高于河南地区.以美国环境保护署(EPA)参考剂量1 μg·g-1作为发汞基准,大连地区的超出比例为3%,河南地区的超出比例为1%.该研究结果为了解我国普通居民的汞暴露情况以及后续的汞暴露风险的定量计算提供了基础数据. 相似文献
3.
本研究利用火焰原子吸收法测定了重庆主城与郊区居民头发中镉、铜、镍、铅和锌等5种重金属的浓度水平,比较分析了人发中5种重金属含量水平及与年龄、性别和吸烟与否的关系,最后通过相关性分析和主成分分析初步了解重庆居民人发中重金属可能的来源.结果表明,重庆主城人发中Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的平均含量分别为3.1、24.3、9.7、42.8和209.6 μg·g-1,郊区居民人发的平均含量分别为0.9、15.8、5.6、15.2和173.4 μg·g-1;5种重金属在主城居民头发中的含量均显著高于郊区居民头发中含量(t-检验,P<0.01),并且其组成与居民附近土壤样品的组成基本一致;5种重金属的含量在不同年龄段人群中的分布没有明显趋势,只是在郊区居民头发中的Cu和Zn含量随着年龄增长而减少;主城和郊区男性头发中Cd和Pb含量均显著高于女性(P<0.01),并且在主城和郊区吸烟者头发中的Cd和Pb显著高于非吸烟者(P<0.01);通过相关性分析发现主城和郊区中Cd、Cu、Ni和Pb之间具有相似的相关性模式,并且主成分分析结果显示,在主城中,人发Cu、Ni和Pb具有相似的来源,而在郊区中,人发Cd、Ni和Pb具有相似的来源. 相似文献
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6.
测定了大连市居民102份头发样品中Pb、Cd、Hg、As等重金属含量,评估了其暴露风险,并对头发中重金属的含量与年龄、性别的关系进行了分析.结果表明,大连市居民头发中Pb、Cd、Hg、As含量均低于中国居民头发中重金属的建议正常值上限,4种重金属暴露风险较低.男性头发中Cd、Pb和As的平均含量明显高于女性(p0.05),其中As平均含量差异达到极显著水平(p0.01).PCA分析显示样本分布集中在第一排序轴和第二排序轴中间,表明性别并不是影响头发中重金属含量的主要因素.19~35岁年龄组居民头发中Cd和Pb含量最高,且均与56~75岁年龄组呈现显著差异(p0.05);As和Hg在56~75岁年龄组居民头发中含量最高,与其它组比较均达到了显著水平(p0.05).PCA和Pearson分析表明4种重金属间相关性较好,大连市居民对4种重金属暴露途径基本相同. 相似文献
7.
Jasreet Kaur;Amandeep Singh Pannu;Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky;Xiaodong Wang;Paul Frasca;Jose Alarco; 《Advanced Sustainable Systems》2024,8(6):2300610
To address the fundamental challenge of resource sustainability and to effectively deal with issues pertaining to supply chain resilience, cost efficiency, environmental impact, and the ability to meet specific local needs; there is an urgent need for high-grade battery anode materials produced locally from readily available raw materials. In this work, synthesis of high-quality graphitic carbon (GH) derived from human hair is demonstrated using an in-house engineered reactor based on Joule's Flash heating method. The GH is characterized using various techniques to examine its chemical composition, particle morphology, crystallinity, and demonstrate its usability as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Fabricated coin cell with active material exhibits a gravimetric capacity of 320 mAh g−1 at a current density of 30 mA g−1 (equivalent to a C rate of ≈0.1C) over the 100 cycles. The in situ and ex situ studies using XRD, Raman, XPS, and UPS techniques conclude that during the initial charge cycle for GH, lithium ions diffused into the electrode during the resting period are effectively removed. This not only improves the lithium inventory to start with but also mitigates subsequent solvent degradation during solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation. Thus, these improvements ultimately enhance the capacity of the anode to 500mAh g−1 at a current density of 20 mA g−1. The study offers the potential to initiate a new realm of research by redirecting the focus to a material once considered as mere waste. 相似文献
8.
利用ICP-AES和AAS测得大熊猫、黑熊和小熊猫毛发中Mg、Al、P、K、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Sr、Cd、Ba、Hg和Pb等21种无机元素。对几种与生理机能密切相关的元素的组分含量进行对比分析结果表明:大熊猫毛发中元素V、cu以及Cd的含量高于黑熊和小熊猫,而Zn和Se的含量低于黑熊和小熊猫;与黑熊和小熊猫相反,大熊猫雄兽毛发中元素K和Mn的含量高于雌兽含量。 相似文献
9.
三价钇对紫露草的遗传毒性研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用紫露草四分体微核试验法和紫露草雄蕊毛细胞突变法研究了稀土元素三价钇的遗传毒性.结果表明:Y3+能引起紫露草四分体微核率显著升高,提示Y3+是诱变剂或纺锤丝毒剂;Y3+能引起雄蕊毛细胞突变率显著升高,进一步明确Y3+是诱变剂. 相似文献
10.
Past mining activities in the county of Cornwall in the United Kingdom, has exposed the local environment to raised levels of As. Previous research has shown an increased concentration of As in crops grown in such areas and the subsequent take-up of As through the food chain may lead to an increased body burden in man. In an attempt to evaluate this, a pilot study was carried out using Particle Induced X-ray Emission to compare the hair As concentration of a group of Cornish residents to that of a control group consisting of residents in the counties of Oxfordshire and Wiltshire. The null hypothesis being that there is no significant difference between the hair As concentrations of the two groups.Each group comprised thirty six age and sex matched subjects. The mean hair As concentration for the Cornish group was 2.51 g g-1, which is significantly greater than that of 0.7 g g-1 found in the control group (p = 0.004). The World Health Organisation suggests a hair As value greater than 1 g g-1 as evidence of increased exposure to As and 5 g g-1 is quoted by the Canadian Government as evidence of significant ingestion of As. Twenty one Cornish subjects registered a value at or above 1 g As g-1 compared to nine in the control group (p = 0.0003). Five subjects in the Cornish group had values that exceed 5 g As g-1, compared to only two in the control group (p = 0.23). We use the results of this study as evidence to support our continued work in this area in order to evaluate possible health implications. 相似文献