A HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL RESEARCH PROGRAM1

ABSTRACT: An extensive research program in hydrometeorology was recently initiated in the Chicago region. Major objectives are to 1) develop a real-time, prediction-monitoring system for storm rainfall using a combination of weather radar and telemetered raingage data, 2) determine precipitation measurement requirements for hydrologic design, operation, and modeling purposes, 3) define the time-space characteristics of heavy rainstorms in the Chicago urban area, and 4) establish methods for applying the Chicago findings in other cities. Basic components of the field measurement program are a network of over 300 recording raingages in 4000 mi² in and around Chicago, plus two sophisticated weather radar systems for obtaining real-time information on storm parameters pertinent to optimizing operation of urban water resources systems. The raingage networks are to be used to compile information relevant to both design and operational aspects of urban hydrology. Radars are to be used primarily in developing the real-time operational techniques. Testing and evaluation of the real-time operational system will be done in cooperation with the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Chicago, operator of one of the most complex urban water control systems among major metropolitan areas.     

湘江流域永州段水质和水文气象因素变化规律及其相关分析

为推进湘江流域永州段水资源保护,加强水质预测,利用2014—2018年冷水滩断面水文气象和水质监测数据,基于相关分析、主成分分析等多元统计方法,研究分析了湘江冷水滩断面水质、水文气象因素变化规律以及两者的相关关系、量化关系。结果表明:该地区水文气象因素对水质影响最大,水质与水文气象因素之间的相关关系显著,水文气象因素是影响湘江流域水质的重要因素;溶解氧与水温、降水量呈线性回归关系,高锰酸盐指数与水位呈线性回归关系,高锰酸盐指数拟合回归方程的精度略低于溶解氧拟合回归方程。     

2009~2018年贵阳市阿哈水库水质时空变化特征分析

为更好了解贵阳市饮用水源地阿哈水库的水质动态变化规律,对近10年来（2009～2018）库区及主要支流的水质、水文气象数据进行系统分析研究。结果表明：受水文气象及藻类生长的周期性影响,阿哈水库库区及支流水体的营养盐、透明度（SD）、叶绿素a （Chl.a）均呈季节性变化。阿哈水库水质以III类为主,库中水质（超标率为19.82%）优于库东（超标率为45.05%）。综合营养状态指数（TLI）分析表明,阿哈水库水体处于中营养至轻度富营养状态,近年来水质有所改善。入库支流水质优劣顺序为：游鱼河>白岩河>蔡冲河>金钟河,主要表现为总磷（TP）和氨氮（NH₃-N）超标。Pearson相关性分析表明,库区Chl.a和NH₃-N、高锰酸盐指数（COD_Mn）、气温、降雨量、日照时数等呈显著正相关,和SD、水位、气压呈显著负相关。主成分分析表明,藻类生长主要受控于水文气象因子。当前,加大金钟河等入库支流外源污染整治力度,是提升库区水质的关键。未来应加强水文、气象因子作用于藻类水华的过程机制研究,提升藻华应急处理能力。