环境空气监测子站气象仪器性能状况比对研究

气象监测是环境空气质量监测的重要组成部分,在环境空气质量精细化管理中发挥着重要作用。气象部门通常采用集中送检或现场校准的方式对气象仪器性能状况进行检查,但环保部门对监测子站气象仪器的相关性能检查还处于空白状态。结合国家环境空气质量自动监测网管理现状,研究采用现场比对方式进行气象仪器性能评估。试验过程中,温度、气压比对数据结果最好,湿度、风速比对数据结果较好,风向比对数据结果较差。因此,在气象部门集中送检和现场校准方式之外,环保部门采用现场比对方式,对空气子站气象仪器性能状况进行评估总体可行,对正常开展空气子站气象监测具有重要意义。     

基于稳健统计方法对实验室比对中土壤汞的质量控制指标研究

利用稳健四分位间距法和迭代法2种稳健统计方法,通过对全国31个省、自治区、直辖市范围内共334家环境监测单位开展土壤中汞的实验室间比对,对比对测定结果和质控数据进行统计分析,系统性地研究了土壤中汞的质量控制指标。建议实际监测工作中土壤汞的实验室间相对标准偏差范围为7%～19%,相对误差控制指标为±8%,低浓度水平下可适当放宽至±10%,加标回收率控制范围为81%～109%,为日常监测开展土壤汞的质量控制工作提供了评价依据,具有广泛的应用价值和较好的指导作用。     

探究土壤中萘提取液的浓缩方法比较

随着科学技术的发展,工业产品越来越丰富。工业工艺过程、缺氧燃烧、垃圾焚烧和填埋等生产活动,产生了大量的多环芳烃物质。这些物质通过复杂的物理迁移、化学及生物转化反应,进入土壤,严重污染环境,给人类及其生物的安全带来严重危害。如何快速、准确检测土壤中多环芳烃的含量,成为治理污染等相应策略实施的首要条件。当前测定土壤中多环芳烃的前处理方法有加压流体萃取、索式萃取、超声波萃取、微波萃取等。在这些成熟萃取手段中,浓缩又是一个关键步骤。目前浓缩的手段有KD浓缩、氮吹浓缩、旋转蒸发浓缩、旋转与氮吹合用浓缩。本文对四种浓缩手段对多环芳烃中的萘提取液进行浓缩分析比较,并获得了一定结论,望给行业内提供有效的参考意见。     

A critical overview of driver recording tools

Introduction: Technological advancements during recent decades have led to the development of a wide array of tools and methods in order to record driving behavior and measure various aspects of driving performance. The aim of the present study is to present and comparatively assess the various driver recording tools that researchers have at their disposal. Method: In order to achieve this aim, a multitude of published studies from the international literature have been examined based on the driver recording methodologies that have been implemented. An examination of more traditional survey methods (questionnaires, police reports, and direct observer methods) is initially conducted, followed by investigating issues pertinent to the use of driving simulators. Afterwards, an extensive section is provided for naturalistic driving data tools, including the utilization of on-board diagnostics (OBD) and in-vehicle data recorders (IVDRs). Lastly, in-depth incident analysis and the exploitation of smartphone data are discussed. Results: A critical synthesis of the results is conducted, providing the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing each tool and including additional knowledge regarding ease of experimental implementation, data handling issues, impacts on subsequent analyses, as well as the respective cost parameters. Conclusions: New technologies provide undeniably powerful tools that allow for seamless data handling, storage, and analysis, such as smartphones and in-vehicle data recorders. However, this sometimes comes at considerable costs (which may or may not pay off at a later stage), while legacy driver recording methods still have their own niches to fill in research. Practical Applications: The present research supports researchers when designing driver behavior monitoring studies. The present work enables better scheduling and pacing of research activities, but can also provide insights for the distribution of research funds.     

新型污染物风险防范国际实践及其对中国的启示

随着重化工业的快速发展和各类化学品的大量使用，一些新型污染物对中国居民和生态环境的危害正逐步显现并日趋严重。如何进一步完善中国新型污染物的风险防范体系，是中国生态环境治理面临的重要问题。发达国家新型污染物的风险防范工作启动较早，对中国完善新型污染物风险防范体系具有重要的借鉴意义。本文从制度建设、体制机制、评估监测、科学研究等方面比较国内外新型污染物风险防范实践的异同，立足我国国情，发现国内实践还需加强之处。在此基础上，提出国际新型污染物风险防范实践对中国的启示。     

An LC-MS/MS method for creatine and creatinine analysis in paraquat-intoxicated patients

Abstract

A sudden increase in serum creatinine after paraquat intoxication has been reported in several clinical studies. However, this dramatic change of creatinine may be possibly due to an interconversion of creatine-creatinine in relation to paraquat toxicity. In order to investigate the creatine-creatinine relationship, a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in combination with electrospray ionization was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of creatine and creatinine in the serum. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Gemini® C₆-Phenyl column with a gradient elution consisting of 0.1% formic acid in ultrapure water and methanol as the mobile phase. The method yielded suitable levels of specificity and selectivity, and calibration curves of creatine and creatinine in serum were linear over the concentration range of 0.5–200?µg mL^?1. The limit of quantification of both compounds was 0.5?µg mL^?1, and the method was accurate within the recovery range of 96.23–102.75%, indicating the robustness of the method. The method was successfully applied to toxicological samples from paraquat-intoxicated patients, and the concentrations of creatine and creatinine were quantified. High creatine concentrations in serum samples were observed which may lead to high serum creatinine despite normal kidney function as creatine is converted to creatinine in proportion to its concentration.     

浮动填料生化法与活性污泥法比较研究

对沈阳市沈水湾污水处理厂的运行现状进行了概述,介绍了浮动填料生化法的工艺原理,通过对1号线浮动填料工艺和2号线活性污泥工艺运行参数的比较,表明浮动填料工艺在出水水质、抗冲击负荷等方面优于活性污泥法。     

国内外城市可持续发展指标体系比较

文章以英国2009年发表的可持续发展指标体系和美国可持续社区指标指南为例,比较了国内外城市可持续发展评估指标体系,列举了各指标体系的大类和分项,从指标体系的选择和评价方法的确定等方面综述了国内可持续发展指标体系,以期为制定和完善中国的城市可持续发展指标体系提供参考。     

冷冻分离法去除水中污染物的对比研究

分别以含Ca2＋、Mg2＋、Na＋等无机离子水样和含有溴氨酸（1-氨基-4-溴-蒽醌-2-磺酸钠）的水溶液、UIImann缩合反应产生废水为研究对象,采用静态渐进冷冻法分别在人工条件下进行实验,分析并对比了冷冻法对水体中污染物的去除效果和规律。结果表明：冷冻法可以有效去除水体中各种污染物,由于污染物自身结构不同,冷冻法对污染物分离有选择性,对有机物的去除高于无机离子,对单一污染物去除高于复杂废水。     

中欧节能减排政策比较

欧盟国家开展节能减排较早,并积累了丰富的经验。比较了在金融危机影响下欧盟与中国在节能减排法律框架、管理方式、经济政策、产业政策和技术创新方面的异同,提出中国应该借鉴欧盟国家的先进经验,完善现有的节能减排政策体系,实现经济和社会的可持续发展。