论建立我国林木采伐远期责任法律制度

森林资源在生态系统的保护中有着多方面的功能,保护森林资源对于环境保护、经济发展和科学研究有着重要意义。我国森林资源破坏严重,其中重要原因之一就是有关森林资源保护法律中存在着许多不完善之处。本文指出我国《森林法》关于法律责任规定存在的问题,提出了违法砍伐林木者应当承担远期保护责任的立法建议。     

赤泥淋滤液特征污染物在饱和砂土中的运移规律研究

为揭示赤泥对地下水的污染机理,防控其污染,对中国北方某炼铝厂赤泥堆场所取淋滤液进行水质分析,识别出严重超标特征污染物F⁻、SO₄ ²⁻、Al³⁺,通过一维砂柱试验研究了其在饱和中砂、细砂、粉砂3种介质中的运移规律。结果表明：特征污染物在砂柱中运移距离越大,其浓度越小;砂粒粒径越小,渗透系数越小,对特征污染物的截留能力越强,特征污染物在砂柱中完全穿透时间也越长。运用Hydrus-1D软件对3种特征污染物在饱和砂土中的运移过程进行模拟,得出在3种介质中弥散度(α)分别为1.76、0.95、0.58 cm,3种介质中F⁻的溶质反应参数K_d和N_u分别为2.10、1.00、4.10 mg/mL和24、28、30 mL/mg,SO₄ ²⁻的K_d和N_u分别为1.78、0.99、5.00 mg/mL和12、20、32 mL/mg,Al³⁺的K_d和N_u分别为1.44、1.65、4.44 mg/mL和18、17、45 mL/mg,呈现介质颗粒越细,K_d越大（吸附能力越强）,N_u越大（吸附速度越快）的特征。为防止赤泥污染,根据经济适用、取材方便的原则,建议选用粉砂土或颗粒更细的黏土作为污染防渗层。

     

论中国战略性关键矿产资源安全的法律监管

战略性关键矿产资源是矿产资源中的关键少数。一方面,因其直接且深度地关涉国家经济安全、国防安全和国际竞争等战略性问题而具有重大战略价值;另一方面,其对国家关键技术的突破和重大发展需求的满足发挥着不可替代的作用,因此具备关键性属性。保障战略性关键矿产资源安全既是保障中国国家资源安全的核心要义,又是实现并长久地维护中国国家安全的“牛鼻子”。以保障中国国家安全为目标,梳理中国现行的战略性关键矿产资源安全法律监管体系,发现在监管规则的功能性构造和监管效能的制度性提升上还有完善空间。从规则供给来看,以《矿产资源法》《矿产资源法实施细则》《国家安全法》《外商投资法》以及《出口管制法》等为代表的现行法尚不完备,表现为因价值彰显缺损而导致法律规定呈现零散和细碎的状况;因基本原则的缺位而影响安全价值的承载和安全规则的体系化生成;因关键安全规则的缺失而致核心安全制度失位。在总体国家安全观的指引下,应从法律价值、法律原则和法律规则三个维度分层建构中国战略性关键矿产资源安全的监管规则体系。在法律价值层面,应凸显安全为首要价值追求;在法律原则层面,增列“国家主导原则”“储备优先原则”和“减缓耗竭原则”方能承载安全价值的法理意蕴,并为安全监管规则的体系化生成提供原则依循;在法律规则层面,应补救在名录清单、控制性开发以及矿业权外资准入的国家安全审查等关键规则的缺失。如此,才能形成“价值-原则-规则”的法规范闭环,为中国战略性关键矿产资源安全的法律监管提供坚实的法规范基础。     

Forest law compliance and enforcement: the case of on-farm timber extraction in Ghana

The paper investigates law compliance in case of on-farm timber extraction in Ghana. It empirically investigates compliance with rules that (i) require timber operators to obtain prior and informed consent from the farmers, (ii) require timber operators to pay appropriate and timely compensation for crop damage caused by timber extraction and (iii) ban chainsaw lumbering. The study documents a low level of compliance in all three domains. Subsequently, the paper discusses the underlying causes for the observed low compliance. The low compliance level is attributed to a legislation, and enforcement, that provides huge financial incentives for non-compliance for both farmers and timber operators, and in the latter case both with and without legal permits. At the same time the regulation is perceived to violate their moral values. The paper underlines the interests of the political elite as decisive in shaping the current regulation and the way it is implemented on the ground. It asserts that eliciting compliance requires consideration of both the instrumental and normative perspectives; else it becomes illusive. The study thus challenges the typical response of governments in developing countries, who, supported by donor agencies, attempt to elicit compliance through enhanced law enforcement efforts. The results presented on the Ghana case suggest that such an approach is unlikely to elicit compliance.     

Return to the River: Environmental Flow Policy in the United States and Canada1

Abstract: This paper provides an overview and summary of United States and Canadian federal, state, and provincial laws that offer some form of legal protection for environmental flows. Special attention is given to the new “second generation” law established in Texas and to ways western states are beginning to encourage transactions that help restore dewatered streams. Progress in the eastern states and some Canadian provinces to provide environmental flow protection is addressed. Based on this review, this paper presents recommended elements of a “model” environmental flow policy.     

基层环境执法中环境行政强制问题的探讨

环境行政强制包括环境行政强制措施和环境行政强制执行.在基层环境执法实践中,环境行政强制措施尤其是环境行政强制执行存在许多困惑和问题,拓展环境行政强制措施,给予环保部门一定的行政强制执行权是提高基层环境执法效率和遏制环境污染的有效途径.     

一种新型宽带移动终端天线设计方案

针对当前无线通信中的终端天线应用进行研究,提出了一种新型的宽带微带天线结构,并采用了高频电磁场仿真软件进行了仿真验证和实际样品测试。结果表明,该天线可在0.816GHz~1.099GHz频段和1.657GHz~2.260GHz频段内达到要求的驻波比,可以实现GSM850/900/1800/1900频段以及WCDMA2100频段的要求。同时该天线结构整体辐射性能好,具有全向辐射性,适合移动终端使用。     

Volatilization characteristics of organic solutes in stirred solution

The effects of turbulence intensity (velocity gradient, G (s⁻¹)), Henry's law constant (H), and molecular weight (M) on the volatilization rates of organic compounds are examined using changes in the mass transfer coefficients (K_OL (cm/min)) under specific liquid-mixing intensities. The selected compounds were divided into three groups according to their H values (mole in gas/mole in liquid, dimensionless), which ranged from 10² to 10⁻⁵. The relationship of the K_OL relative to G, H and M was obtained via multiple regression. The obtained values of these parameters indicate that the primary factor affecting the K_OL values of the high H compounds is their M values. The effects of the H values on the K_OL values of the high H compounds can be neglected. On the other hand, the H value is the major factor determining the K_OL values of the low H compounds. The changes in the K_OL values of the different H compounds exhibit different profiles as the liquid-mixing intensity increases. The M and H values of middle H compounds possibly affect their K_OL values. The effects of the liquid-mixing intensity on the K_OL values of the organic compounds increase with increasing H values. The variation in the K_OL values might be a result of the concentration of the organic compounds at the interface between the liquid and gas films. The empirical relationship between K_OL and some selected parameters, G, H and M, is examined in this study. The obtained results can help to estimate volatilization loss of organic solutes in wastewater treatment facilities.