基于网格空间数据的晋陕蒙接壤区生态环境综合评价

晋陕蒙接壤区是典型的生态过渡带、生态脆弱带。文章在调查研究的基础上 ,选取了 1 3个评价指标 ,应用层次分析法确定其权重 ,并将各个因子分级标准化和定量赋值 ,再用加权求和法得到每个评价单元的环境质量综合评价指数。根据环境综合评价指数将环境质量分为较好 (≥ 8)、一般 (≥ 6～ <8)、较差 (≥ 4～ <6)、恶劣 (<4) 4级。结果表明 :晋陕蒙接壤区的环境质量大多处于较差等级 ,较好、一般、较差、恶劣等级的面积比例分别为 2 .2 % ,2 8% ,5 7.4%和1 2 .4%     

多级环流曝气技术处理工业污水的实验研究

在结构简单、占地面积小、氧利用率高的多级环流曝气小型实验装置上，对某种石油化工排放污水进行了生化处理性能实验。分别利用间歇和连续两种装置进行污水的处理，均得到了良好的试验结果。间歇实验探索了污水降解与系统中溶解氧的变化情况的对比，摸索出了两者之间的初步关系。连续实验表明，污水的停留时间在3-5h时，出水COD可以降到80mg／L以下。     

城市环境系统的权重分配

本文将多目标二级决策法用于城市环境系统的权重分配，对城中环境系统各要素及各要素的表征参数进行客观自动赋权，克服了环境质量评价中权重分配的主观随意性。该方法物理意义清晰，算法简便，具有较好的应用价值。     

旅游城市环境规划优化方法与应用研究(Ⅰ)不确定性多目标规划模型

以旅游城市环境系统的综合性、多目标性、动态性和不确定性的特征出发，提出用不确定性模糊多目标规划（IFMOP）模型来解决旅游城市 环境规划优化问题。通过建立旅游城市环境不确定性模糊多目标规划系统模型（IFMOPMTCE），使旅游城市环境系统的特性在模型建立和求解过程中得以充分反映，同时也有效地协调了环境经济等目标之间的矛盾与冲突，该研究为旅游城市环境规划工作提供了一种较为有力的工具。     

科研工作中科技情报检索的作用--浅谈应用国际联机情报检索的体会

科技情报检索是科研工作中的重要环节,也是科研成果评价的必要手段.课题研究必须了解国内外发展动态,进行可行性和经济效益分析.本文通过国际联机情报检索的两个应用实例,阐明了情报检索不仅提高了科研工作效率,而且在课题研究的方法、深度和广度、最终结果方面都能得到很大益处.     

区域水污染控制多目标组合规划模型研究

提出水污染综合多目标规划思路，把治理投资，运行费用，收益和污染物削减量作为规划目标，对多种方案进行优化选择，建立了实现多目标规划的数学模型，对方案的产生组合，初选和优化等建模过程作了系统介绍，并以泾河水质规划为例，将模型予以应用。     

城市地区毒气扩散事故数值模拟

在城市人口密集区域，一旦发生重大危险气体泄露事故，周围居民将处境危险。由于城市特殊的街道街谷影响，用普通的方法难以精确计算出场的时空分布，大涡模拟（Large Eddy Simulation）虽然较为精确，但对计算机计算能力要求较高。针对于此，可以通过一些方法，例如贴体网格分析、卫星遥感技术，局部网格加密技术，改进大涡模型的计算条件，考虑泄漏事故一旦发生时，道路、房屋、气候对于气体扩散的影响，对事故的致灾机理从动力学的角度进行研究。在箅例中，通过分析城市地区庙会时的一起事故．模拟气体扩散浓度的时空分布，得出城市地区各个地区的不同受灾程度。通过算例我们看到，数值模拟能够为进一步安全规划、灾害预防、应急反应提供决策支持．     

BASIN SCALE WATER MANAGEMENT AND FORECASTING USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS1

ABSTRACT: Water scarcity in the Sevier River Basin in south‐central Utah has led water managers to seek advanced techniques for identifying optimal forecasting and management measures. To more efficiently use the limited quantity of water in the basin, better methods for control and forecasting are imperative. Basin scale management requires advanced forecasts of the availability of water. Information about long term water availability is important for decision making in terms of how much land to plant and what crops to grow; advanced daily predictions of streamflows and hydraulic characteristics of irrigation canals are of importance for managing water delivery and reservoir releases; and hourly forecasts of flows in tributary streams to account for diurnal fluctuations are vital to more precisely meet the day‐to‐day expectations of downstream farmers. A priori streamflow information and exogenous climate data have been used to predict future streamflows and required reservoir releases at different timescales. Data on snow water equivalent, sea surface temperatures, temperature, total solar radiation, and precipitation are fused by applying artificial neural networks to enhance long term and real time basin scale water management information. This approach has not previously been used in water resources management at the basin‐scale and could be valuable to water users in semi‐arid areas to more efficiently utilize and manage scarce water resources.     

Why social values cannot be changed for the sake of conservation

The hope for creating widespread change in social values has endured among conservation professionals since early calls by Aldo Leopold for a “land ethic.” However, there has been little serious attention in conservation to the fields of investigation that address values, how they are formed, and how they change. We introduce a social–ecological systems conceptual approach in which values are seen not only as motivational goals people hold but also as ideas that are deeply embedded in society's material culture, collective behaviors, traditions, and institutions. Values define and bind groups, organizations, and societies; serve an adaptive role; and are typically stable across generations. When abrupt value changes occur, they are in response to substantial alterations in the social–ecological context. Such changes build on prior value structures and do not result in complete replacement. Given this understanding of values, we conclude that deliberate efforts to orchestrate value shifts for conservation are unlikely to be effective. Instead, there is an urgent need for research on values with a multilevel and dynamic view that can inform innovative conservation strategies for working within existing value structures. New directions facilitated by a systems approach will enhance understanding of the role values play in shaping conservation challenges and improve management of the human component of conservation.     

振弦栅收集电焊烟尘特性的数值模拟

为高效、低投入地处理电焊烟尘,得到过滤系统净化电焊烟尘的最佳设计参数,选择ICEM-CFD软件建立栅过滤系统的几何模型并进行网格划分,选用标准(Standard)k-ε模型、离散相模型(DPM),利用FLUENT软件对电焊烟尘过滤效率主要影响的单因素进行模拟计算。研究结论表明,用栅过滤系统过滤电焊烟尘颗粒时,振弦栅的栅丝直径、间距所决定填充率是过滤效率的直接决定因素;栅丝层间距是过滤效率的间接影响因素;通过探究振弦栅对电焊烟尘过滤效率的影响规律,进而为振弦栅的实际应用提供理论基础。