旅游安全认知:内涵、结构及相关变量

旅游安全认知是信息加工的结果,广义上包括旅游者的安全意识、安全关注、安全认知程度和旅游从业人员的安全意识与安全管理认知;狭义上主要指旅游者的安全感知.其结构可分为综合维度认知结构、安全问题认知结构和旅游情境认知结构.前因变量包括人口统计学因素、熟悉程度、旅行经历、负性经历、旅行目的、文化背景等;结果变量包括目的地形象知觉、旅游决策、旅游行为及情绪、满意度、重游意愿和口碑宣传.未来研究应着重改善研究方法,深入探讨相关变量之间的作用机制,寻求旅游安全认知干预的有效对策.     

Review of LCA studies of solid waste management systems – Part II: Methodological guidance for a better practice

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is increasingly used in waste management to identify strategies that prevent or minimise negative impacts on ecosystems, human health or natural resources. However, the quality of the provided support to decision- and policy-makers is strongly dependent on a proper conduct of the LCA. How has LCA been applied until now? Are there any inconsistencies in the past practice? To answer these questions, we draw on a critical review of 222 published LCA studies of solid waste management systems. We analyse the past practice against the ISO standard requirements and the ILCD Handbook guidelines for each major step within the goal definition, scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation phases of the methodology. Results show that malpractices exist in several aspects of the LCA with large differences across studies. Examples are a frequent neglect of the goal definition, a frequent lack of transparency and precision in the definition of the scope of the study, e.g. an unclear delimitation of the system boundaries, a truncated impact coverage, difficulties in capturing influential local specificities such as representative waste compositions into the inventory, and a frequent lack of essential sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. Many of these aspects are important for the reliability of the results. For each of them, we therefore provide detailed recommendations to practitioners of waste management LCAs.     

牙哈凝析气田大气环境影响回顾评价

为更好地了解牙哈凝析气田开发建设对大气环境质量的影响,根据牙哈凝析气田6年的大气环境监测资料,采用spearman秩相关系数法对牙哈凝析气田开发10年来的环境空气质量进行回顾评价及变化趋势分析。结果表明:牙哈凝析气田大气中主要污染物SO2、NMHC(非甲烷总烃)均总体呈下降趋势,NO2呈上升趋势,而在2008年急剧下降,整体大气环境质量呈现好转趋势。牙哈凝析气田开发区块环境空气质量有了明显的改善,各项大气环境治理措施取得了显著的环境效益。     

碳定价协同机制的研究综述

碳定价是国际上广泛使用并十分有效的气候变化应对政策。探讨我国引入碳税政策的可行性,首要解决的问题是如何协调及平衡碳税和碳市场。本文基于协同视角整理及评述了国内外碳税和碳市场研究的历史研究和主要结论,多维度论述混合政策对解决单一政策的价格波动性和减排不确定性的有效性,阐述了碳税和碳市场混合政策的环境和经济效应,并从调控范围和价格协调等方面探究协同机制设计方案和实现路径,为构建具有中国特色的碳减排政策提供储备和参考,助推我国双碳目标的实现,推进人与自然协同共生的现代化发展。     

Developing and validating a scientific model for exploring safe work practices in interdisciplinary teams

Health research literature on quality and safety in recent years has pointed to a need to explore the characteristics of interdisciplinary team work unique to the health care sector and the particular organization. The literature also has identified a need for scientific models that explore and integrate existing findings concerning team dynamics. In this article, I attempt to address these concerns by developing and validating a scientific model for exploring safe work practices of interdisciplinary OR teams. Specifically, existing health research literature on quality and safety is reviewed to identify and incorporate various team-related aspects into dimensions of the proposed model. To further validate the model, I conduct an ethnographic study of safe work practices within an interdisciplinary OR setting. I find that safe work practices can be viewed as a product of the individual’s and team’s ability to draw on and combine explicit and tacit knowledge repertoires, which again is a product of the particular inner and outer structural conditions of a system. While the findings add their own unique distinctiveness to the scientific model, the findings also compare to the existing aspects and dimensions of the model. I conclude that the fit of the empirical data to the model improves the validity of the model, and also the potential application of the model in ethnographic research within different medical and/or team settings.     

国内《安全系统工程》教材的评述与展望

《安全系统工程》教材高质量编写和出版对高级安全人才的安全系统理论与实践水平的培养具有重要意义。本文首先对国内30多年来出版的《安全系统工程》教材内容进行分析,评述现有《安全系统工程》教材存在的问题和不足,并提出建议对策;然后,从安全系统工程的基础术语和《安全系统工程》新教材的提纲2方面对新教材的编写提出展望。研究表明:安全系统工程新教材编写需要充分体现系统工程思想及其基础理论、内容需要不断更新并与国际接轨,这样的教材才能对安全系统工程的教学和科研更具参考价值。