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排序方式: 共有2627条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
This study investigated the water quality variation spanning 30 years (1986–2017) in 16 catchments of Hong Kong against different urbanization indices, namely, built area fraction; population; and product of population and built area fraction. Pearson correlations of three different periods of time (1988–1990, 1998–2000, and 2015–2017) indicated that water quality trends were dependent on the urbanization index. Total solids, nitrite-nitrogen, total phosphorus, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and flow rate had significant deteriorative trends (Pearson r > 0.5 and p < 0.05) with population and product of built area and population. Results also interpreted that built area fraction and product of built area and population were the worst and best indices that represented urbanization and/or its impacts, respectively. Mann-Kendall test for the entire 30 year period showed that water quality had improved with time with respect to certain water quality parameters (e.g., dissolved oxygen, ammoniacal nitrogen and total suspended solids). The results portrayed that although the urbanization of catchments had increased with time, the river water quality with respect to many parameters showed signs of improvement and the legislative measures implemented seemed to be effective in controlling pollution. 相似文献
2.
为研究在道路突发危险场景下先进驾驶辅助系统的不同警告方式对驾驶人应激反应能力的影响,利用自主开发的驾驶人应激反应能力测试软件,以计算机模拟与驾驶模拟器为试验平台,以实际驾驶视频为试验场景,选取操作准确率和反应时间为测试指标,分析不同警告方式下驾驶人的应激反应能力。研究结果表明:视觉警告可有效缩短应激反应时间;视听觉组合警告中,视觉警告占主导作用,听觉警告起辅助作用;在真实场景视频试验环境下,驾驶模拟器模拟试验的操作效果优于计算机模拟试验。 相似文献
3.
为探究动力作用下尾砂液化破坏特性,基于某矿山尾矿库坝体分层尾砂,开展不同固结应力和层状结构条件下动三轴试验,分析层状尾砂动弹性模量、阻尼比及动剪应力比等动力参数与动孔压的变化规律。结果表明:固结应力对层状尾砂力学特性和动孔压变化趋势有较大影响,固结应力越大,动孔压增长越明显,初始增长斜率随固结应力增大而下降;尾粉土厚度一定时,固结应力越大,层状尾砂动剪应力比越小;固结应力为常数时,层状尾砂动剪应力比随尾粉土厚度增加先增大后减小,当尾粉土厚度为0,20,40,80 mm时,对应动剪应力比分别为0.33,0.35,0.38,0.28;尾粉土对孔隙水压力阻隔作用比尾细砂更明显,试样破坏所需振次随尾粉土厚度增加而增加。研究结果可为高烈度地震区尾矿坝地震液化研究提供理论参考。 相似文献
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为研究堆载大小对原水管道受力变形的影响,采用量纲分析法得出模型试验相似比,并根据相似比进行模型箱的设计、管道材料的选取和重塑土的配制,研究不同工况下管道的受力特征。试验结果表明:整体上管道端部应力大于管中央应力,管轴向应力大于管环向应力。在中心加载下,管端应力值较管中央处大,前者增长速度更快,而后者增长速度较慢。在偏心荷载作用下,靠近荷载的管端应力最大,而管中央应力最小;尤其在偏载6 kPa作用下,管端下表面轴向应力达到595 kPa,而管中央处仅有64 kPa,管端受边界约束作用明显,管道呈弯曲变形。 相似文献
6.
Narayan Yoganandan Hans Hauschild John Humm Yuvaraj Purushothaman Frank A. Pintar 《Traffic injury prevention》2019,20(4):S32-S37
AbstractObjective: The focus of this study is side impact. Though occupant injury assessment and protection in nearside impacts has received considerable attention and safety standards have been promulgated, field studies show that a majority of far-side occupant injuries are focused on the head and thorax. The 50th percentile male Test Device for Human Occupant Restraint (THOR) has been used in oblique and lateral far-side impact sled tests, and regional body accelerations and forces and moments recorded by load cells have been previously reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the chestband-based deflection responses from these tests.Methods: The 3-point belt–restrained 50th percentile male THOR dummy was seated upright in a buck consisting of a rigid flat seat, simulated center console, dashboard, far-side side door structure, and armrest. It was designed to conduct pure lateral and oblique impacts. The center console, dashboard, simulated door structure, and armrest were covered with energy-absorbing materials. A center-mounted airbag was mounted to the right side of the seat. Two 59-gage chestbands were routed on the circumference of the thorax, with the upper and lower chestbands at the level of the third and sixth ribs, respectively, following the rib geometry. Oblique and pure lateral far-side impact tests with and without airbags were conducted at 8.3 m/s. Maximum chest deflections were computed by processing temporal contours using custom software and 3 methods: Procedures paralleling human cadaver studies, using the actual anchor point location and actual alignment of the InfraRed Telescoping Rods for the Assessment of Chest Compression (IR-TRACC) in the dummy on each aspect—that is, right or left,—and using the same anchor location of the internal sensor but determining the location of the peak chest deflection on the contour confined to the aspect of the sensor; these were termed the SD, ID, and TD metrics, respectively.Results: All deformation contours at the upper and lower thorax levels and associated peak deflections are given for all tests. Briefly, the ID metrics were the lowest in magnitude for both pure lateral and oblique modes, regardless of the presence or absence of an airbag. This was followed by the TD metric, and the SD metric produced the greatest deflections.Conclusion: The chestbands provide a unique opportunity to compute peak deflections that parallel current IR-TRACC-type deflections and allow computation of peak deflections independent of the initial point of attachment to the rib. The differing locations of the peak deflection vectors along the rib contours for different test conditions suggest that a priori attachment is less effective. Further, varying magnitudes of the differences between ID and TD metrics underscore the difficulty in extrapolating ID outputs under different conditions: Pure lateral versus oblique, airbag presence, and thoracic levels. Deflection measurements should, therefore, not be limited to an instrument that can only track from a fixed point. For improved predictions, these results suggest the need to investigate alternative techniques, such as optical methods to improve chest deflection measurements for far-side occupant injury assessment and mitigation. 相似文献
7.
为了实现利用井下放水试验获取顶板含水层的钻孔单位涌水量,采用抽水试验中的地下水动力学计算公式,结合观测孔的水位降深,给出了放水孔水位降深的计算方法;利用观测孔水位降深和观测孔与放水孔之间距离的对数曲线图,提出了放水孔水位降深的图解法;对于承压含水层,基于钻孔单位涌水量与含水层渗透系数之间的线性相关关系,可以通过含水层的渗透系数获取钻孔单位涌水量;通过实例分析,解析法和图解法计算得到的放水孔单位涌水量相近,结合现场放水试验情况,分析了放水孔单位涌水量的可靠性,并对3种方法的适用条件进行了讨论。研究结果表明:利用放水试验获取的放水孔单位涌水量符合实际情况,可以作为含水层富水性评价和矿井水文地质条件分析的依据。 相似文献
8.
为了研究不同密度的可燃爆粉尘在内置多孔环形喷嘴的20 L爆炸特性测试装置中的分散特征,基于负载粒子流方法、耦合DPM动量平衡方程和时间平均 Navier Stokes控制方程组,实现3种不同密度的煤粉、铝粉和锆粉在20 L爆炸测试装置中粉尘分散全过程的数值模拟。研究结果表明:多孔环形喷嘴的分散较为均匀,但是约束管道末端存在局部粉尘残留区,致使爆炸仓内真实粉尘浓度远低于形式浓度;爆炸仓中心位置的最大湍动能随着粉尘密度的增加而减小,只有显著地变化粉尘密度才能展示区分度较高的浓度峰值和抵达浓度峰值的时间。 相似文献
9.
为了研制以硅酸盐/铝酸盐水泥、生石灰、生石膏为主的PC-CAS基封孔材料,采用正交试验优化材料配比、开展膨胀力研究,并用扫描电镜观测料-煤胶结形貌。研究结果表明:材料的最优配比为A2B2C4,其具备优良的流动性、强度及致密性,造浆量达2 100 mL/kg;PC-CAS基材料具有显著的膨胀性,其膨胀力随时间先增大而后趋于稳定,并且该膨胀力随着径向约束的提高而增大;相比于FP材料,PC-CAS基材料产生的膨胀力能够显著降低材料-煤岩界面的空隙并在一定程度上压密煤体内部的裂隙;该材料产生的膨胀力可压密封孔段围岩、提高封孔质量,并为后期“二次注浆”提供保压条件。工业试验结果表明,采用PC-CAS基材料进行封孔可显著改善抽采效果,将原有平均浓度10.11%提升至20.08%。 相似文献
10.