首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   7911篇
  免费   1718篇
  国内免费   566篇
安全科学   449篇
废物处理   25篇
环保管理   1314篇
综合类   5096篇
基础理论   743篇
环境理论   4篇
污染及防治   292篇
评价与监测   549篇
社会与环境   1390篇
灾害及防治   333篇
  2024年   5篇
  2023年   136篇
  2022年   290篇
  2021年   290篇
  2020年   300篇
  2019年   275篇
  2018年   255篇
  2017年   329篇
  2016年   391篇
  2015年   460篇
  2014年   357篇
  2013年   471篇
  2012年   628篇
  2011年   644篇
  2010年   439篇
  2009年   422篇
  2008年   403篇
  2007年   560篇
  2006年   560篇
  2005年   482篇
  2004年   365篇
  2003年   345篇
  2002年   291篇
  2001年   223篇
  2000年   225篇
  1999年   187篇
  1998年   121篇
  1997年   115篇
  1996年   106篇
  1995年   92篇
  1994年   84篇
  1993年   64篇
  1992年   48篇
  1991年   43篇
  1990年   36篇
  1989年   12篇
  1988年   19篇
  1987年   9篇
  1986年   9篇
  1985年   9篇
  1984年   6篇
  1983年   7篇
  1982年   12篇
  1981年   9篇
  1980年   13篇
  1979年   14篇
  1978年   8篇
  1973年   5篇
  1972年   4篇
  1971年   6篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
利用广州塔的O3观测资料、风廓线雷达和转动拉曼温廓线激光雷达探测的垂直环境气象等观测资料,结合ERA5的近地面风场,对2017年5月6—7日(Case I)和2019年10月1—2日(CaseⅡ)两个典型个例从垂直混合与水平输送的角度进行特征与成因分析.O3的垂直观测结果表明,夜间残留层可储存日间混合层内的高浓度O3气团.从垂直混合与水平输送的分析结果表明,残留层O3的垂直混合及高浓度O3气团的水平输送是夜间地表O3的重要来源:夜间存在垂直风切变或边界层抬升,均可加强O3的垂直混合;珠三角地区背景风表现为在早上偏北风和晚上转换为偏南风,广州与佛山地表O3浓度上升最显著.此外,夜间O3浓度上升事件可造成夜间及凌晨O3 8 h滑动平均值持续高值,对空气质量和大气氧化性造成一定影响.  相似文献   
2.
河口湿地是陆海相互作用强烈的重要地球关键带,同时还受到人类活动的强烈影响.黄河三角洲湿地作为年轻的暖温带河口湿地,其微塑料污染状况尚未得到充分研究.因此对黄河三角洲湿地表层沉积物中微塑料的形态、丰度、粒径和成分组成进行了测定,并使用污染负荷指数(PLI)和潜在污染风险指数(PRI)评估了研究区域微塑料污染状况和生态风险.结果表明,黄河三角洲湿地微塑料丰度为20~520 n ·kg-1,中值为150 n ·kg-1.微塑料形貌以纤维和黑色为主,粒径在1 mm以上,成分多为人造丝、聚乙烯、聚酯纤维和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等.湿地中微塑料的PLI值介于0.04~0.96之间,PRI值介于0.00~171.60之间,表明黄河三角洲湿地微塑料污染处于轻微污染和低生态风险水平.  相似文献   
3.
Wildlife conservation and management (WCM) practices have been historically drawn from a wide variety of academic fields, yet practitioners have been slow to engage with emerging conversations about animals as complex beings, whose individuality and sociality influence their relationships with humans. We propose an explicit acknowledgement of wild, nonhuman animals as active participants in WCM. We examined 190 studies of WCM interventions and outcomes to highlight 3 common assumptions that underpin many present approaches to WCM: animal behaviors are rigid and homogeneous; wildlife exhibit idealized wild behavior and prefer pristine habitats; and human–wildlife relationships are of marginal or secondary importance relative to nonhuman interactions. We found that these management interventions insufficiently considered animal learning, decision-making, individuality, sociality, and relationships with humans and led to unanticipated detrimental outcomes. To address these shortcomings, we synthesized theoretical advances in animal behavioral sciences, animal geographies, and animal legal theory that may help conservation professionals reconceptualize animals and their relationships with humans. Based on advances in these fields, we constructed the concept of animal agency, which we define as the ability of animals to actively influence conservation and management outcomes through their adaptive, context-specific, and complex behaviors that are predicated on their sentience, individuality, lived experiences, cognition, sociality, and cultures in ways that shape and reshape shared human–wildlife cultures, spaces, and histories. Conservation practices, such as compassionate conservation, convivial conservation, and ecological justice, incorporate facets of animal agency. Animal agency can be incorporated in conservation problem-solving by assessing the ways in which agency contributes to species’ survival and by encouraging more adaptive and collaborative decision-making among human and nonhuman stakeholders.  相似文献   
4.
The United Nations' Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism is charged with documenting six grave violations against children in a time of conflict, including attacks on schools. Many of these incidents, however, remain unreported across the globe. This study explores whether or not a local knowledge base of education and child protection actors in North and South Kivu Provinces, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and in Mogadishu, Somalia, could contribute to a more complete record of attacks on education in those areas. Hundreds of semi‐structured interviews were conducted with key informants across the three settings, and in total 432 attacks on education were documented. Purposive samples of these reports were verified and a large majority was confirmed. Local non‐governmental organisations and education institutions were most knowledgeable about these incidents, but most never reported them to a monitoring authority. The study concludes that attack surveillance and response were largely insufficient, and recommends investing in mechanisms that utilise local knowledge to address these shortcomings.  相似文献   
5.
Based on the theory of the politics of international law and the hermeneutic theory for international relations, this paper aims to demonstrate how the history and contextual changes within the Columbia River Basin have affected the underlying principles of the Columbia River Treaty with those of international water law.  相似文献   
6.
根据长三角空气质量区域预报工作的实际需要,对分区文字预报和落区图预报两种方式分别制定了不同的空气质量指数级别预报准确性评估方法。分区文字预报根据设定的预报准确性判定方法计算预报评分,落区图预报按区域内预报准确城市占比进行准确率统计。分区文字预报结果显示,2017年长三角区域的预报准确天数占比为62.2%,预报评分为70.2,区域预报评估效果良好。落区图预报评估结果显示,预报级别偏差具有地域性差异,安徽北部、江苏北部和江西中北部预报等级偏高,长三角中南部沿海城市预报等级偏低。该套评估方法可为区域空气质量预报偏差成因分析提供依据,为区域预报工作的改进提供定量参考。  相似文献   
7.
美国环境与健康管理体制借鉴   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
美国为应对环境污染带来的公共健康灾难,建立了环保局与卫生部既分工又协作的体制,两个部门都关注环境污染对人类健康的危害。在职能上,环保局侧重于管制和"污染者",卫生部侧重于服务和"潜在受害者"。联邦层面,环保局与卫生部在管制方面和研究(信息共享)方面紧密合作。地方层面,环保局的主要职能是监督各州执行联邦标准,卫生部的主要职能是提供健康和医疗服务,并在具体工作中密切配合。借鉴美国的经验教训,明确建立"公众健康优先"的环境管理价值取向,针对环境与健康风险管理的特点推进生态环境统一监管机构改革,以法治思维和法治方法推进环境与健康治理体系建设;加强科学研究,加快建设环境与健康风险控制信息系统。  相似文献   
8.
长江经济带总磷污染状况与对策建议   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
长江经济带是我国重要的战略区域,加强长江经济带生态环境保护是我国的重大战略部署,在推进我国"五位一体"总体布局建设中具有重要地位,是体现习近平总书记"共抓大保护,不搞大开发"的重要精髓。目前,总磷已成为长江经济带水体首要污染指标,总磷超Ⅲ类的断面比例达到18.3%,主要的一级支流中,沱江、清水江、岷江、乌江总磷平均浓度在地表水Ⅲ类水质标准上下浮动,污染相对较重;长江经济带总磷污染主要受工业、城镇生活、农业等污染源影响,主要涉及四川、贵州、湖北、湖南、重庆等地区;同时结合总磷污染特征分析,提出了涉磷工业企业治理、磷矿管理、城镇生活污水治理、畜禽养殖防治、规范监测方法等治理措施,为长江经济带总磷污染防控提供技术支撑和决策依据。  相似文献   
9.
Over the past few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the active involvement of local stakeholders in the management of floods in Europe. Such involvement is seen as necessary as the management of floods becomes more complex. Management approaches now seek to include a range of potential measures to reduce risk (e.g. structural defence, spatial planning and property-level protection measures). Local stakeholder involvement is seen to be important because governments lack the capacities such as knowledge and funding required to deliver all these measures alone. This paper focuses on the implications that more participative approaches have on the fairness of European flood risk management (FRM). Studies of environmental justice are well placed to address this question because they are interested in who is included and excluded from decisions related to the distribution of environmental goods (resources) and bads (risks). Existing literature suggests that fair decision-making processes (procedural justice) can lead to fair distribution or resources and risks (distributive justice). This literature review of 30 peer-reviewed papers provides an analysis of justice and FRM by assessing practices of participation which are presented in the recent literature on local stakeholder involvement in FRM in England, Germany and the Netherlands. It was found that participation in practice generally focuses on transferring responsibility to the local level at the expense of power. This paper discusses the implications that this finding has for justice and synthesises potential ways forward based on recommendations of the reviewed literature.  相似文献   
10.
Remediation and recovery efforts after a release of Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) spores may be difficult and costly. In addition, response and recovery technologies may be focused on critical resources, leaving the small business or homeowner without remediation options. This study evaluates the efficacy of relatively low levels of hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) delivered from off‐the‐shelf equipment for the inactivation of Bacillus spores within an indoor environment. Decontamination evaluations were conducted in a house using both Bacillus atrophaeus var. globigii (Bg; as surrogates for B. anthracis) inoculated on the carpet and galvanized metal as coupons and Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Gs) as biological indicators on steel. The total decontamination time ranged from 4 to 7 days. Using the longer exposure times, low concentrations of HPV (average levels below 20 parts per million) effectively inactivated Bg and Gs spores on the materials tested. The HPV was generated with commercial humidifiers and household‐strength hydrogen peroxide solutions. The presence of home furnishings did not have a significant impact on HPV efficacy. This simple, inexpensive, and effective decontamination method could have significant utility for remediation following a B. anthracis spore release, such as following a terrorist attack.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号