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1.
In this study a double model algorithm is developed for the simulation of the vertical profiles of monthly values of absolute humidity. The thrust of the algorithm is that is depends on the use of ground measurements for humidity and is based upon the use of two model relations for altitudes above and below 1 Km respectively. Monthly absolute humidity profiles as estimated using the specially constructed double model algorithm compare well with those calculated with the use of radiosonde data for the time period 1980–1990 (Helliniko station, Southern Greece). In particular the model estimation is very satisfactory at altitudes above the Planetary Boundary Layer and rather satisfying at altitudes below 1 Km. This implies that the model algorithm may be useful in supporting climatological studies in areas where lack of relevant information on the vertical distribution of water vapour is recognised.  相似文献   
2.
This study represents the first quantitative evaluation of pollution transport budget within the boundary layer of typical cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region from the perspective of horizontal and vertical exchanges and further discusses the impact of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL)-free troposphere (FT) exchange on concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) within the ABL during heavy pollution. From the perspective of the transport flux balance relationship, differences in pollution transport characteristics between the two cities is mainly reflected in the ABL-FT exchange effect. The FT mainly flowed into the ABL in BJ, while in SJZ, the outflow from the ABL to the FT was more intense. Combined with an analysis of vertical wind profile distribution, BJ was found to be more susceptible to the influence of northwest cold high prevailing in winter, while sinking of strong cold air allowed the FT flowing into the ABL influence the vertical exchange over BJ. In addition, we selected a typical pollution event for targeted analysis to understand mechanistic details of the influence of ABL-FT exchange on the pollution event. These results showed that ABL-FT interaction played an important role in PM2.5 concentration within the ABL during heavy pollution. Especially in the early stage of heavy pollution, FT transport contributed as much as 82.74% of PM2.5 within the ABL. These findings are significant for improving our understanding of pollution transport characteristics within the boundary layer and the effect of ABL-FT exchange on air quality.  相似文献   
3.
利用OMI卫星反演数据分析了2005—2014年中国中东部地区对流层臭氧变化趋势.结果表明,近10年来对流层臭氧总柱浓度混合比例较稳定,但近地面浓度明显增加,特别是在冬季臭氧上升速度达40%.同时分析了京津冀、长三角、珠三角地区10个重点城市的臭氧数据,发现京津冀地区的臭氧涨幅超过其他两个地区,其中,长三角地区臭氧混合比例最高,而珠三角地区相对较稳定.利用臭氧激光雷达和地面臭氧监测数据对卫星反演结果进行比较显示了较好的一致性,证明使用卫星反演的数据来研究长时间范围内近地层的臭氧变化是一种可行的方法.  相似文献   
4.
Last decade the reactions of gases at solid interfaces were increasingly recognized as significant in polluted marine troposphere and perhaps in remote areas as well. In this study the reactions of gases with solid NaCl at temperatures 200 K and 300 K were examined by using a recently proposed thermodynamical model (Varotsos et al., 1988) which provides the interconnection of entropy and enthalpy for various processes with well known macroscopic properties of the bulk solid.  相似文献   
5.
近年来伴随着我国经济的持续增长,人为源氮氧化物排放居高不下,导致我国区域大气复合污染日趋严重. NOx排放清单对于大气复合污染研究具有极为重要的意义.为了降低NOx排放清单的不确定性,基于OMI卫星观测的对流层NO2柱浓度资料,结合WRF-CMAQ模型系统,对2014年长三角区域NOx排放清单进行了校验,对于该清单的不确定性进行了初步评估.结果表明,基于长三角地区2014年大气污染物排放清单,利用WRF-CMAQ系统模拟所获得的区域NO2柱浓度平均值(4.66×1015~10.58×1015 mole/cm2)与OMI卫星数据(3.49×1015~11.47×1015 mole/cm2)较为接近,并且相关性较好(平均R=0.65),归一化平均偏差(NMB)在-7.71%~33.52%之间,平均偏差(Bias)在0.06~0.28之间,可以在一定程度上说明2014年长三角区域NOx排放总量基本能够反映区域NO2污染状况.对比分析了OMI卫星遥感资料与CMAQ模型模拟结果,二者NO2柱浓度空间分布情况总体一致,然而,苏南、上海和浙北等工业较发达地区OMI卫星NO2柱浓度低于CMAQ模型模拟值,周边经济欠发达地区OMI卫星数据高于CMAQ模型模拟值,表明空间分布仍有进一步优化的空间.利用近地面卫星观测数据与CMAQ模型模拟结果对比,可得近地层观测ρ(NO2)高于模拟结果,说明仅仅利用地面观测数据验证模型模拟结果存在一定偏差.研究显示,NOx排放清单模型模拟结果在总量和时间变化方面与OMI卫星资料一致,在空间分配方面存在一定偏差.   相似文献   
6.
近年来,有着致癌性质的甲醛在大气中的含量逐年增加,加强对大气甲醛及其影响因素的监测意义重大。本文利用OMI卫星反演数据,对2008~2016年甘肃省对流层甲醛柱浓度的时空特征以及影响因子进行分析。结果表明:(1)甘肃省甲醛柱浓度空间分布极其不平衡,呈现出由甘肃南部向中部、西北部逐渐降低的趋势,这与甘肃省自东南向西北的植被分布有关,植被排放对大气甲醛有一定的贡献。(2)甲醛柱浓度年均值最低为7.15×1015 molec/cm2,出现在2008年,最高为10.66×1015 molec/cm2,出现在2011年;按照季节划分甲醛柱浓度均值,表现为夏季 > 冬季 > 春季 > 秋季,这与夏季光化学反应和甘肃省冬季采暖有关;甘肃省大气中的甲醛以自然因素为主,人为因素次之。(3)甲醛柱浓度变化不仅与自然因素的温度呈显著正相关,还与社会经济因素中的第二产业值、工业产值以及能源消耗等具有一定相关性。甘肃省甲醛柱浓度时空特征总体受当地自然和社会经济因素的综合影响。  相似文献   
7.
为明确宁夏回族自治区(简称“宁夏”)大气中甲醛的含量及分布,基于OMI遥感反演数据,分析了2006—2015年宁夏甲醛柱浓度的时空分布,同时选取工业产值、机动车保有量、煤炭消耗量以及气温、地形地貌和风向等人为和自然因素进行相关性分析.结果表明:研究区内2006—2015年甲醛柱浓度整体呈上升趋势,年均增速为1.078×1015 molec/(cm2·a),其中2006—2011年逐年增大,2012—2015年呈波动上升趋势,并于2015年达到近10年的最高值;甲醛柱浓度季节性特征为夏季>冬季>秋季>春季;宁夏甲醛柱浓度月均值变化趋势整体上呈“W”型.空间上甲醛柱浓度高值区主要分布在宁夏中东部及南部地区,而北部及西部地区甲醛柱浓度相对较低.在人为因素中煤炭消耗量与甲醛柱浓度的相关性最高,相关系数达到0.88;在自然因素中甲醛柱浓度与气温相关系数达到0.63,地形地貌和风向对甲醛污染区域的分布有一定影响.研究显示,人为因素是影响宁夏甲醛柱浓度的主要因素.   相似文献   
8.
为研究河北省中南部对流层内CH4时空分布特征,2018年6~7月利用空中国王350飞机搭载高精度CH4分析仪和相关辅助设备,对河北中南部城市上空(600~5500m)CH4浓度进行飞机探测.探测期间共飞行4架次,取得7组CH4浓度垂直廓线数据.结果表明:探测期间CH4浓度最小值为1884×10-9,最大值为2038×10-9,多架次垂直方向上平均浓度为(1915±90)×10-9.不同探测架次CH4浓度随高度变化趋势有较好的一致性,随高度增加,均出现先增大后减小,后稳定不变的趋势,且在混合层顶以下(约1000m)存在明显分界线.1000m以下,同高度层CH4浓度变化较大,不同架次间浓度相差最大值达124×10-9,同一架次CH4浓度的垂直梯度变化受大气层结影响明显,位温垂直梯度接近零时,CH4浓度的垂直梯度变化不明显.1000m以上,CH4浓度垂直随高度增加呈指数减小,同高度层CH4浓度变化较小,变化偏差在平均值的5%以内,4000m以上,同高度层CH4浓度振幅最小,差值<15×10-9,此时浓度可代表该区域背景大气的平均浓度.石家庄上空同高度层CH4浓度白天整体大于夜间,随高度降低差值变大,说明石家庄白天CH4排放源强度大于夜间.  相似文献   
9.
This study focuses on providing a direct insight into the process by which sulfate is formed on mineral dust surface in the actual atmosphere. Six sets of aerosol measurements were conducted in the outskirts of Beijing, China, in 2002–2003 using a tethered balloon. The mineralogy of individual dust particles, as well as its influence on the S (sulfur) loadings was investigated by SEM-EDX analysis of the directly collected particles. The mixed layer in the urban atmosphere was found to be quite low (500–600m), often appearing as a particle dense stagnant layer above the surface. It is suggested that mineral dust is a common and important fraction of the coarse particles in Beijing (35–68%), and that it is relatively enriched with Calcite (>28%). An exceptional amount of S was detected in the mineral particles, which can be explained neither by their original composition, nor by coagulation processes between the submicron sulfates and the dust. Heterogeneous uptake of gaseous SO2, and its subsequent oxidation on dust was suggested as the main pathway that has actually taken place in the ambient environment. The mineral class found with the largest number of particles containing S was Calcite, followed by Dolomite, Clay, Amphibole etc., Feldspar, and Quartz. Among them, Calcite and Dolomite showed distinctly higher efficiency in collecting sulfate than the other types. A positive correlation was found with the number of S containing particles and the relative humidity. Calcite in particular, since almost all of its particles was found to contain S above 60% r.h. On the other hand, the active uptake of SO2 by the carbonates was not suggested in the free troposphere downwind, and all the mineral classes exhibited similar S content. Relative humidity in the free troposphere was suggested as the key factor controlling the SO2 uptake among the mineral types. In terms of sulfate loadings, the relationship was not linear, but rather increased exponentially as a function of relative humidity. The humidity-dependent uptake capacity of mineral types altogether showed an intermediate value of 0.07 gSO4 2− g−1 mineral at 30% r.h. and 0.40 gSO4 2− g−1 mineral at 80%, which is fairly consistent with laboratory experiments.  相似文献   
10.
城市区域臭氧浓度变化的研究   总被引:13,自引:4,他引:13  
通过中尺度气象模式和高分辨化学模式的耦合,研究了广州地区O2的时空分布及其变化特征。结果表明,近地层上O3的分布与地面源排放的分布有非常好的对应关系,并且呈现出多中心分布;O3浓度随时间变化有很好的日变化周期,模拟结果与实测对比有较好的一致性;对单站O3浓度随高度的变化趋势的分析表明,对流层低层O3的日变化幅度较大。  相似文献   
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