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Ami Schlesinger Rotem Goldshmid Michael G. Hadfield Esti Kramarsky-Winter Yossi Loya 《Marine Biology》2009,156(4):753-761
Spurilla neapolitana from the Eastern Mediterranean was cultured in a self-sustained, temperature-controlled laboratory culture system, and its
life cycle is described. Adults were collected from three field sites situated 120 km apart, along the Israeli Mediterranean
coastline, between March 2006 and August 2007. Cultures of the life-cycle stages were raised at 24°C. S. neapolitana deposited white, coiled, spiral egg masses containing zygotes. Veliger larvae hatched 3.0 ± 0.4 days post oviposition. The
veliger larvae are obligatory planktotrophs, with a minimal larval phase of 22 days. In the lab, larvae settled and metamorphosed
following exposure to metabolites derived from distinct prey sea anemone species. Reproductive maturity was reached 42 ± 5 days
post metamorphosis, resulting in a laboratory generation time of 67 days (egg to egg). The average life span of reproductive
specimens in this study was 157 ± 13 days post-oviposition and they reached a length of 7–10 cm. During this period, an average
adult deposited ca. 40 × 106 zygotes. This species has several characteristics that suggest it will be a useful model for laboratory-oriented research.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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We investigated crossover of burnout between spouses in 98 married couples in an organization undergoing downsizing. Burnout was found to be associated with feelings of job insecurity, self‐control and social undermining. Using SEM, findings supported the crossover of burnout from husbands to wives and the impact of burnout on undermining behavior. They also supported the research hypothesis of a direct relationship between job insecurity and burnout among husbands but not among wives. Sense of control was found to have a negative impact on burnout and on the spouse's undermining behavior and a positive impact on the spouse's sense of control. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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