Effects of calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride addition to bentonite in iron ore pelletization.

Pyrite ash is created as waste from the roasting of pyrite ores during the production of sulphuric acid. These processes generate great amounts of pyrite ash waste that is generally land filled. This creates serious environmental pollution due to the release of acids and toxic substances. Pyrite ash waste can be utilized in the iron production industry as a blast furnace feed to process this waste and prevent environmental pollution. The essential parameters affecting the pelletization process of pyrite ash were studied using bentonite as a binder. Experiments were then carried out using bentonite and a mixture of bentonite with calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride in order to make the bentonite more effective. The metallurgical properties of pyrite ash, bentonite, calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride, a mixture of these and sintered pellets were studied using X-ray analysis. The crushing strength tests were carried out to investigate the strength of pyrite ash waste pellets. The results of these analyses showed that pyrite ash can be agglomerated to pellets and used in the iron production industry as a blast furnace feed. The crushing strength of the pellets containing calcium hydroxide and calcium chloride in addition to bentonite was better than the strength of pellets prepared using only bentonite binder.     

分流比对土壤渗滤系统脱氮效果的影响研究

针对污染物浓度较高的养猪废水,开展了不同分流比条件下土壤渗滤系统处理效果的对比研究,并分析了分流比对系统中脱氮微生物数量及氧化还原电位(ORP)变化的影响.试验结果表明,分流比对土壤渗滤系统的脱氮效果影响较大,而对COD、TSS和TP的去除效果无明显影响,当水力负荷(HLR)为0.01m3·m-2·d-1且分流比为1∶2时,系统对TN的去除效果最好,平均去除率达80.20%,而对其他污染物的平均去除率均可达90%以上;分流比可影响土壤渗滤系统中脱氮微生物的数量,分流比的增大可促进系统中反硝化细菌数量的增加,强化系统的脱氮效果;另外,分流比还可影响系统填料层中ORP的变化.因此,根据系统进水水质选择合适的分流比,是强化土壤渗滤系统脱氮效果的关键因素.     

植物收割频率对水生植物滤床深度处理养猪废水的影响

采用水生植物滤床系统深度处理养猪废水，开展了不同收割频率条件下系统对污水净化效果的对比研究。实验结果表明，当水力负荷为5 cm/d时，植物收割频率的增加会降低系统对TN和TP的去除效果，而对COD的去除效果则无明显影响。当不进行植物收割时，系统对养猪废水的净化效果最好，对COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为71.26%、34.32%和29.52%。因此，合适的植物收割频率是强化APFB系统处理效果的关键因素。     

直物收割频率对水生植物滤床深度处理养猪废水的影响

采用水生植物滤床系统深度处理养猪废水，开展了不同收割频率条件下系统对污水净化效果的对比研究。实验结果表明，当水力负荷为5cm／d时，植物收割频率的增加会降低系统对TN和TP的去除效果，而对COD的去除效果则无明显影响。当不进行植物收割时，系统对养猪废水的净化效果最好，对COD、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为71．26％、34．32％和29．52％。因此，合适的植物收割频率是强化APFB系统处理效果的关键因素。     

兽用抗生素胁迫对空心菜的影响研究

考察了土霉素(OTC)、磺胺二甲基嘧啶(SM2)和环丙沙星(CIP)3种兽用抗生素对空心菜(pomoeaaquatica Forsk根系活力、叶片叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性等生理特性的影响,并分析了抗生素在空心菜体内的累积情况.试验结果表明,较低浓度抗生素(＜1.0 μg·L-1)对空心菜的生长具有刺激效应;较高浓度抗生素(＞50 μg·L-1)对空心菜的生长则具有抑制作用.当抗生素浓度大于1.0 μg·L-1时,空心菜的根系活力受到抑制;当抗生素浓度大于50 μg·L-1时,空心菜的叶片叶绿素含量及抗氧化酶活性均受到抑制;当抗生素浓度大于500 μg· L-1时,空心菜体内的蛋白质含量减少.另外,OTC、SM2和CIP 3种抗生素在空心菜内的累积量不同,其累积量依次为CIP＞ SM2＞ OTC.抗生素在空心菜内的分布也存在较大差异,根部3种抗生素的含量均明显高于茎和叶片.     

环境对青铜文物锈蚀的影响

通过对陕西省几个著名文物景点环境的监测和西安地区环境监测的报道,在分析中国古代青铜文物本体与锈体化学组成的基础上,提出了青铜文物的腐蚀机理－化学腐蚀和电化学腐蚀。认为青铜文物锈蚀的条件是：含有氯离子、潮湿的酸性环境。从而指出：控制环境是保护文物的关键。要最大限度地延长青铜文物的寿命,必须改善环境条件,这是保护文物的根本措施。     

O2/CO2气氛下氮反应机理的研究

选取CH4、O2、CO2、Ar、NO、NH3，等气体，作为混合气和煤粉一起送入一维沉降炉内，以模拟O2／CO2气氛下煤中燃料氮、循环NO以及二者的相互作用对NO排放的影响，结果显示，在还原性气氛下NH3、HCN、CH4、CO与循环NO间的反应是NO排放下降的主要因素，且煤焦与NO的异相反应、吸附反应对NO的降解效果要明显高于氧化性气氛，同时，CO2体积分数的增加使得燃料中氮的氧化率升高，循环NO的降解率下降；氧化性气氛下随CO2体积分数的增加，燃料中氮的氧化率也增加，但循环NO的降解率升高．当CO2体积分数不变时，其对NO降解的作用随循环NO体积分数的增加愈加明显，在循环NO也不变且CO2体积分数较低时，随过量空气系数的增加，循环NO的降解率下降，而CO2体积分数较高时则出现相反情况。     

泥炭和褐煤对Zn^2＋,Cu^2＋,Pb^2＋等重金属离子的吸附特征

利用天然有机吸附剂泥炭和褐煤对重金属离子Ｚｎ＾２＋，Ｃｕ＾２＋，Ｐｂ＾２＋的单组分水溶液进行吸附研究。对吸附模型，吸附时间，不同吸附剂投放量，金属离子种类等给予表征，基本符合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ吸附等温线。     

甘肃公婆泉铜矿区生物地球化学异常特征及找矿预测模式

对比研究公婆泉铜矿生物地球化学异常与原生异常后发现 :产生生物地球化学异常的元素通常是那些在原生异常中强度高且浓度系数较大的元素 ,植物本身对元素的生理吸收特性对元素异常的形成也有重要影响。二者异常组合分带的共同特点是在矿化中心都存在Cu、(Pb)、Au、Ag异常 ,向外都存在Ba、B、As、(Sb)异常 ,最外带则都有Ti、V等异常。比较花岗闪长斑岩和英安斑岩铜矿体的生物地球化学异常 ,前者元素的种类多 ,且内带出现原生晕的中下部或尾晕元素Sn、W等 ,反映其为浅偏中等剥蚀 ;后者元素的种类少 ,内带未出现中下部或尾晕元素 ,反映其为浅剥蚀。建立的铜矿床 (体 )生物地球化学找矿预测模式能为定位预测戈壁覆盖层下的隐伏矿床 (体 )并推断其剥蚀程度和矿体规模提供重要的科学依据。     

Occurrence and distribution of veterinary antibiotics and tetracycline resistance genes in farmland soils around swine feedlots in Fujian Province, China

Six antibiotics, tetracyclines (TCs), and quinolones (QNs) in farmland soils from four coastal cities in Fujian Province of China were investigated. Oxytetracycline was most frequently detected, followed by enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, chlorotetracycline, ofloxacin, and tetracycline, with maximum concentrations of 613.2, 637.3, 237.3, 2668.9, 205.7, and 189.8 μg kg^?1, respectively. Samples from Putian City contained the highest maximum concentration of ∑TCs (3,064.2 μg kg^?1), whereas those from Fuzhou City contained the highest maximum concentration of ∑QNs (897.8 μg kg^?1). It is noteworthy that the ∑TCs and ∑QNs in 46.4 and 28.6 % of samples exceeded the ecotoxic effect trigger value (100 μg kg^?1), respectively. The concentrations of these antibiotics and five tetracycline resistance genes in four soil plots at depth profiles were quantified thereafter. In most cases, both antibiotics and resistance genes decreased with the increase of depth. Some antibiotics can be detected at a depth of 60–80 cm where the abundance of tetO, tetM, and tetX reached up to 10⁷ copies g^?1. Additionally, the sum of all tet genes (normalized to 16S rRNA genes) correlated with ∑TCs significantly (r?=?0.676). Our results suggest that resistance determinants can migrate to deeper soil layers and would probably contaminate groundwater by vertical transport.