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Choi Eunhwa Kim Seunghwan Mam Sarith Gautam Arjun Bhandari Ravi Kim Jae Young 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(6):2307-2317
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Maize straw- and rice husk-derived biochars were produced in a simple metal kiln without automated control. Their characteristics and effects on... 相似文献
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Diclofenac has been of environmental concern due to the potential harmful effects on non-target organisms at environmentally relevant concentrations. In this study, we evaluated the transformation kinetics of diclofenac and its two major metabolites in two laboratory-scale experiments: the transformation of diclofenac in the presence of rat liver S9 fraction with co-factors, and the transformation of diclofenac, 4′-hydroxy-diclofenac and diclofenac β-O-acyl glucuronide in the inoculum used for the OECD 301C ready-biodegradability test. 4′-Hydroxy-diclofenac was identified as the major phase I metabolite and diclofenac β-O-acyl glucuronide was identified as the major phase II metabolite in the S9 assay. Transformation of diclofenac in the microbial degradation test did not occur significantly for 28 d, whereas 4′-hydroxy-diclofenac degraded slowly, indicating that the biological removal of diclofenac is not likely to occur in conventional STPs unless sorptive removal is significant. However, diclofenac β-O-acyl glucuronide deconjugated to form equimolar diclofenac within 7 d, in the microbial degradation test. The mixture of diclofenac and its two metabolites, formed after incubating diclofenac in S9 medium for 2 h, was spiked in the inoculum to link both assays. The concentrations of diclofenac and its metabolites, measured over time, agreed well with predicted values, using rate parameters obtained from independent experiments. The results show that phase II metabolites generated in mammals may deconjugate easily in conventional STPs to form a parent compound and that these processes should be considered during the environmental monitoring and risk assessment of diclofenac. 相似文献
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Eunhwa Choi Eunseop Shin Yong-Seok Seo Jae Young Kim Seung-Muk Yi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(3):1117-1126
To identify the application and development of country-specific parameters for methane emission estimations from solid-waste disposal sites, National Inventory Reports of 41 Annex I countries and National Communications of ten non-Annex I countries of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change were analyzed. A first-order decay method was applied to 38 out of 41 Annex I countries and to five out of ten non-Annex I countries in national GHG inventory submissions up to 2012. Country-specific parameters were approximately 26 % of the total number of parameters used in the 38 Annex I countries and were mostly developed for degradable organic carbon and reaction constants that cover certain waste compositions. The UNFCCC encourages countries to develop more country-specific parameters reflecting the distinct characteristics of each country in which solid-waste disposal site is a key source. Depending on a country’s condition, a stepwise approach regarding the development of country-specific parameters needs to be done so as to improve the accuracy of methane emission estimates in the solid-waste disposal site category. 相似文献
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Eunhwa Choi Heesang Eum Yong-Seok Seo Seung-Muk Yi Hyeyoung Lee 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(2):832-843
Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide were continuously measured and variability of emission factors (EFs) was evaluated in five municipal waste incinerators (MWIs) and four industrial waste incinerators (IWIs) from 24 to 86 days between 2008 and 2011. N2O EFs were calculated by Monte Carlo simulation and mean N2O EFs were 7.1, 107, 127, 219 g N2O/ton waste combusted in MWIs with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for NOx control, MWIs with selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), IWIs with SNCR, and a MWI using fluidized bed with SNCR, respectively. Climate-relevant CO2 EFs ranged from 0.45 to 0.72 ton CO2/ton waste combusted in MWIs. Maximum values of upper limit for 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of N2O EFs estimated in each MWIs with SCR, MWIs with SNCR, IWIs with SNCR were 185, 94, 101% of mean N2O EFs, respectively. Meanwhile, maximum values of upper limit for 95% CIs of CO2 EFs were much lower as between 18 and 36% in those facilities. 84% CIs of mean N2O EFs in MWIs with SNCR and IWIs with SNCR were overlapped indicating those values are not significantly different. 相似文献
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Lee Young Su Kim Young Kwon Choi Eunhwa Jo Hyeri Hyun Hyeseung Yi Seung-Muk Kim Jae Young 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(44):66591-66604
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The emission sources and their health risks of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Siheung, Republic of Korea, were investigated as a middle-sized... 相似文献
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