Solvent‐Cast Polymeric Films from Pectin and Eudragit® NE 30D for Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In this study, solvent-cast polymeric films containing ionic liquid lidocaine/aspirin for transdermal patches were developed. Solvent-cast polymeric films...     

Formulation and Evaluation of Matrix Type Transdermal Patch Containing Silver Nanoparticles

This research aimed to prepare the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-loaded antimicrobial wound dressing patch using ethyl cellulose as a matrix membrane and diethyl phthalate as a plasticizer. The polymer suspension was homogeneously mixed with plasticizer, and then added to the colloidal AgNPs suspension. This mixture was poured into Petri dish and subsequently dried in a hot air oven at 80?±?2 °C for 10 h. The minimum inhibition concentration of the colloidal AgNPs suspension was 2.5 µg/ml. The AgNPs-loaded antimicrobial wound dressing patch was evaluated for physical properties by differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and in vitro study. The antimicrobial wound dressing patch did not exhibit any interaction between the matrix membrane and AgNPs. The AgNPs were evenly dispersed in the patch. The patch could control the release of silver at 102.98?±?4.11% over 12 h. Although the AgNPs-loaded antimicrobial wound dressing patches can be easily prepared by the simple method, in future studies antimicrobial wound dressing patch will be developed by employing different types of film forming agents.     

Improving the Hydrophilic Properties of Deproteinized Natural Rubber Latex Films for Lidocaine Transdermal Patches by Starch Blending

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - This research developed lidocaine transdermal patches which were composed of deproteinized natural rubber latex (DNRL), several types of gelatinized...     

Propranolol Hydrochloride Film Coated Tablets Using Natural Rubber Latex Blends as Film Former

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of concentrated natural rubber latex (CNRL), a major polymer, blended with either...     

Transdermal Delivery of Nicotine Using Pectin Isolated from Durian Fruit-Hulls-Based Polymer Blends as a Matrix Layer

Many natural polymers with various chemical structures are used to prepare transdermal patches. Pectin is a one interesting type of polymer because it can control drug release when used in transdermal patches. In Thailand, the waste from durian fruit-hulls is a major problem for the environment. However, the pectin from it can be isolated under acid conditions and used to prepare transdermal patches for nicotine delivery which has not yet been reported. As the isolated pectin is a natural polymer, the film made from isolated pectin is a brittle; therefore, adding a low protein natural rubber latex (LPNRL) polymer was needed to increase its flexibility. The transdermal patches were amorphous and had T_g values ranging from 81.0 to 93.3 °C. Moisture uptake, swelling ratio, and erosion values of the patches were significantly decreased after addition of LPNRL, which resulted in low hydrophilicity. The in vitro release and permeation of nicotine depends on the hydrophilicity of the patches. The kinetic models for in vitro release and permeation of nicotine were Higuchi model and zero order, respectively. In conclusion, pectin isolated from fruit-hulls of Mon Thong durians is an effective polymer to control the release of nicotine. It also is an option that could solve the environmental problems caused by durian fruit-hulls waste.     

Use of Isolated Pectin from a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cissampelos pareira</Emphasis>-Based Polymer Blend Matrix for the Transdermal Delivery of Nicotine

Pectin is a natural biopolymer, and a major component of a complex heterogeneous polysaccharide found in the primary cell walls and middle lamella of plant tissues. This paper used pectin isolated from Cissampelos pareira (Krueo Ma Noy) leaves to prepare the matrix layer for nicotine transdermal patches. However, the patch was a brittle film, thus, deproteinized natural rubber latex (DNRL) was blended to improve flexibility of the patch. Here we present for the first time a preparation study exploring the suitability of isolated pectin blends to serve as drug carriers and the mechanism controlling the release patterns of nicotine. The hydrophilicity of the patches was found to decrease when increasing the DNRL ratio. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction experiments were used to characterize the interactions between the investigated drugs and the matrix polymers. In vitro studies showed that the isolated pectin blends were an effective matrix for controlled nicotine release. The release and permeation patterns of nicotine depend on the hydrophilicity of the patches. The kinetic models of nicotine were found to be a Higuchi model and zero order for in vitro release and skin permeation, respectively.     

Accelerated Stability Testing of a Polyherbal Transdermal Patches Using Polyvinyl Alcohol and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose as a Controlling Polymer Layer

The present work was to evaluate the stability potential of (E)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-l-ol (Compound D) in polyherbal transdermal patches. The polyherbal formulation composed of the rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar and Curcuma longa, leaves and stems of Cymbopogon citratus, rind and leaves of Citrus hystrix fruit, and leaves of Acacia rugata and Tamarindus indica. Polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were used as a matrix film, and glycerine was used as a plasticizer. Stability testing was established for 6 months under accelerated conditions as according to International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines. Mechanical properties, moisture uptake, swelling ratio, and in vitro studies were evaluated. New Zealand white rabbits were used as the animal model. Results obtained after 6 months showed that the polyherbal transdermal patches were stable, with a good mechanical properties and hydrophilicity. In vitro study kinetics for active Compound D fitted to the Higuchi model for both release and skin permeation. The transdermal patch containing polyherbal formulation was safe to apply on the skin without irritation. Thus, transdermal patches containing this polyherbal formulation had good stability potential, with no irritation on application.     

Formulation Design of Oral Strip-Films Based on PVA/PVP Polymer Blends for Nicotine Delivery

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - This work prepared oral strip-film for nicotine delivery using polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone as polymeric film and glycerin as a plasticizer....     

Polymer Blended Deproteinized Natural Rubber Reservoirs for Nicotine Transdermal Patches: In vitro Drug Release,Permeation Study,and Stability Test

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The objective of this research was to prepare reservoir-type nicotine transdermal patches (R-NTPs) using deproteinized natural rubber latex (DNRL) blends...