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Accumulation, transformation and toxicity of arsenic compounds to Japanese Medaka, Oryzias latipes were investigated. For sodium arsenite [As(II)] and disodium arsenate [As(V)], the mean value for 7-day lethal concentration LC50 for O. latipes were 14.6 and 30.3 mg As/l, respectively. Direct accumulation of arsenic in O. latipes increased as a function of As(III) concentration in water. A small proportion of accumulated arsenic was transformed to methylated arsenic. As much as 70% of the total arsenic accumulated in tissue was depurated. Accumulation and transformation of As(III) by O. latipes in a simple freshwater food chain were also investigated. The transformation of As(III) to As(V) by organisms was more prevalent than biomethylation of accumulated arsenic in organisms of the three steps of the food chain. 相似文献
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Takayuki Kameda Satoshi Sanukida Koji Inazu Yoshiharu Hisamatsu Yasuaki Maeda Norimichi Takenaka Hiroshi Bandow 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2004,38(40):6937-6945
The association of the direct-acting mutagenicity of soluble organic fraction of airborne particles toward Salmonella typhimurium YG1024 strain with the direct emission was investigated at a roadside and at a residential area in Osaka, Japan. The direct-acting mutagenicity was evaluated as mutagenic activity per unit volume of ambient air (rev m−3) and/or that per airborne particulate weight collected on a filter (rev mg−1). The annual or diurnal changes of the mutagenicity of airborne particles at the residential site showed similar patterns to those of some gaseous pollutants such as NO2 and SO2, which were emitted from combustion processes. This result indicates that the mutagenicity is mainly attributable to the primary emissions. From the analysis of the relationship between the wind sector and the mutagenic intensity, rev m−3 and rev mg−1 values were strongly affected by the emissions from the fixed sources and from the mobile sources, respectively. The rev m−3 value and concentration of 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) in unit per m3 at the roadside were a factor of 2.6 and 2.8 higher than those at the residential site, respectively, but the rev mg−1 value and concentration of 1-NP in unit per mg at the roadside were substantially comparable to those at the residential area. These observations suggest that the characteristics of the airborne particles can be attributed to the automotive emissions even at the suburban area. 相似文献
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In this study, porous calcite materials are hydrothermally treated at 200 °C using powder compacts consisting of calcite and glasses composed of silica-rich soda-lime. After treatment, the glasses are converted into calcium aluminosilicate hydrates, such as zeolite phases, which increase their strength. The porosity and morphology of new deposits of hydrothermally solidified materials depend up on the chemical composition of glass. The use of calcite and glass in the hydrothermal treatment plays an important role in the solidification of calcite without thermal decomposition. 相似文献
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Tadashi Hasegawa Kakeru Usuba Soichiro Kondo Yutaka Maeda 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2008,6(2):107-111
Here, we show that association of stilbene molecules is facilitated by water on silica gel because of hydrophobic interaction
and photodimerization becomes the main photochemical process. Irradiation of trans-stilbene (t-1) on silica gel gives cis-stilbene (c-1), phenanthrene (2), benzaldehyde (3), and dimers r-ctt-4 and r-tct-4. The yields of the dimers increase and those of 2 and 3 decrease with an increase in the amount of t-1 loaded on silica gel. Atmospheric oxygen is responsible for the formation of 2 and 3. The yields of the dimers also increase with an increase in the water on a silica-gel surface and change drastically at the
point where the percentage of water to silica gel is around 25 wt%. All active sites on a silica-gel surface would be covered
completely with 25 wt% of water. 相似文献
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The aqueous solubilities (S(w)) at various temperatures from 283 K to 308 K and 1-octanol/water partition coefficients (K(ow)) for four polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs: 4,4'-dibromodiphenyl ether (BDE-15), 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99), and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-153)) were measured by the generator column method. The S(w) and K(ow) data revealed the effect of bromine substitution and basic structure on S(w) and K(ow). To estimate the infinite dilution activity coefficients (gamma(i)(w,infinity)) of the PBDEs in water from the S(w) data, enthalpies of fusion and melting points for those compounds were measured with a differential scanning calorimeter. Henry's Law constants (H(w)) of the PBDEs were derived from the determined gamma(i)(w,infinity) and literature vapor pressure data. Some physicochemical characteristics of PBDEs were also suggested by comparing the present property data with that of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, brominated phenols and brominated benzenes in past studies. Furthermore, in order to represent different phase equilibria including solubility and partition equilibrium for other brominated aromatic compounds using the UNIFAC model, a pair of UNIFAC group interaction parameters between the bromine and water group were determined from the S(w) and K(ow) data of PBDEs and brominated benzenes. The ability of the determined parameters to represent both properties of brominated aromatics was evaluated. 相似文献
10.
Deoxyribonuclease activity in seawater and sediment 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper describes a fluorometric method for assaying deoxyribonuclease (DNase) activity in natural seawater and sediment. DNase activity was detected in a sea-water sample taken from Tokyo Bay (Japan), and in various sediment samples taken from Suruga, Sagami and Tokyo Bays, and from Aburatsubo Inlet. Much more DNase occurred in seawater in a state bound to suspended particles or microbial cells than dissolved free in seawater. Although viable DNA-hydrolyzing bacteria were found to be widely distributed in seawater and sediment, poor correlation existed between the bacterial population and the intensity of DNase activity in the sediments examined. In addition, intensities of DNase activity in various surface sediments had no apparent correlation with the DNA contents and the sediment types. However, a close correspondence was found between the vertical variation of DNase activities and the gradient of DNA contents and of Eh in the core sediment at Aburatsubo Inlet. 相似文献