A novel mechanical plant compression system for biomass fuel and acquisition of squeezed liquid with water-soluble lignin as anti-virus materials

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Plant biomass could be a viable alternative renewable resource, but the moisture content must be reduced to use it as fuel. Mechanical compression...     

Effect of limited aeration on the anaerobic treatment of evaporator condensate from a sulfite pulp mill

Serious inhibition was found in the regular up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor in treating the evaporator condensate from a sulfite pulp mill, which contained high strength sulfur compounds. After applying the direct limited aeration in the UASB, the inhibition was alleviated gradually and the activity of the microorganisms was recovered. The COD removal rate increased from 40% to 80% at the organic loading rate of 8kgCODm(-3)d(-1) and a hydraulic retention time of 12h. Limited aeration caused no oxygen inhibition to the anaerobic microorganisms but instigated sulfide oxidization and H(2)S removal, which was beneficial to the methanogens. The experiment confirmed the feasibility of applying limited aeration in the anaerobic reactor to alleviate the sulfide inhibition. It also proved that the anaerobic system was actually aerotolerant. SEM observation showed that the predominant microorganisms partly changed from rod-shaped methanogens to cocci after the UASB reactor was aerated.     

湖泊底泥中17β-雌二醇的生物代谢机制研究

研究了湖泊底泥微生物在好氧、厌氧环境条件下对17β-雌二醇(17β-estradiol, E2)的生物降解特性,探讨了其相应地生物代谢机制.结果表明,好氧条件,反应24h后约99%的E2从液相中消失,中间产物雌激素酮(estrone, E1)随反应进行浓度先增加后从液相中逐渐消失;厌氧条件,96h后约4%的E2仍存在于液相中, E1浓度先增加后降低后又逐渐增加,再降低直至从液相中完全消失.综合分析E2和E1的浓度经时变化认为,好氧条件下, E2被脱氢酶氧化成E1, E1再被体系中存在的其它生物酶氧化,直至被完全矿化;厌氧条件下, E1和E2二者之间存在一种相互转换关系:E2被脱氢酶氧化成E1,同时E1被还原酶还原成E2,在相互转化的过程中,体系中的其它生物酶会逐渐降解E2、E1,直至最终将其完全矿化.与E2相比较, E1更易积累于天然水域中的微生物体内.     

Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls in blood and breast milk collected from pregnant women in Sapporo City, Japan

We measured the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and non-dioxin-like PCBs in paired samples of blood and breast milk collected from 67 secundiparas in Sapporo City, Japan, and combined this data with those of the 30 secundiparas previously measured. The arithmetic mean total toxic equivalents (TEQ-WHO) concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, non-ortho PCBs, and mono-ortho PCBs in blood and breast milk of the 97 secundiparous subjects were 3.0-23 (mean: 13, median: 14) and 2.7-20 (mean: 8.6, median: 8.5) pg TEQ g⁻¹ lipid, respectively. The sums of the concentrations of 56 non-dioxin-like PCB congeners that were measured in the subjects’ blood and breast milk were 16-326 (mean: 107, median: 100) and 12-252 (mean: 73, median: 67) ng g⁻¹ lipid, respectively. The partitioning ratios of individual congeners of PCDDs, PCDFs, dioxin-like PCBs, and non-dioxin-like PCBs from blood to breast milk in secundiparas were almost the same as those of primiparas that have been recently reported, suggesting that the partitioning ratios of these compounds from maternal blood to breast milk in women is little affected by delivery. Furthermore, the partition of PCB congeners with chlorine at the 2-, 3-, 4′-, and 5-positions or the 2-, 4-, 4′-, and 5-positions of the biphenyl ring from the blood to the breast milk tended to occur at a higher level than that of other congeners. In particular, the levels of tetraCB-74 and hexaCB-146 in the breast milk for both primiparous and secundiparous mothers were slightly higher than those in the blood.