Canopy Spectra and Remote Sensing of Ashe Juniper and Associated Vegetation

A study was conducted in central Texas to determine the potential of using remote sensing technology to distinguish Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei Buchholz) infestations on rangelands. Plant canopy reflectance measurements showed that Ashe juniper had lower near-infrared reflectance than other associated woody plant species and lower visible reflectance than mixed herbaceous species in spring and summer. Ashe juniper could be distinguished on color-infrared aerial photographs acquired in March, April, June, and August and on QuickBird false color satellite imagery obtained in June, where it had a distinct dark reddish-brown tonal response. Unsupervised classification techniques were used to classify aerial photographic and satellite imagery of study sites. An accuracy assessment performed on a computer classified map of a photographic image showed that Ashe juniper had producer's and user's accuracies of 100% and 92.9%, respectively, whereas an accuracy assessment performed on a classified map of a satellite image of the same site showed that Ashe juniper had producer's and user's accuracies of 94.1% and 88.1%, respectively. Accuracy assessments performed on classified maps of satellite images of two additional study sites showed that Ashe juniper had producer's and user's accuracies that ranged from 87.1% to 96.4%. These results indicate that both color-infrared photography and false color satellite imagery can be used successfully for distinguishing Ashe juniper infestations.     

Use of beryllium-7 to document soil redistribution following forest harvest operations

Rapid and reliable methods for documenting soil erosion associated with forest harvest operations are needed to support the development of best management practices for soil and water conservation. To address this need, the potential for using 7Be measurements to estimate patterns and amounts of soil redistribution associated with individual post-harvest events was explored. The 7Be technique, which was originally developed for use on agricultural land, was employed to estimate soil redistribution associated with a period of heavy rainfall within a harvested forest area located in the Lake Region of Chile (39 degrees 44'7' S, 73 degrees 10'39' W; 22% slope; and mean annual rainfall 2300 mm yr(-1)). The results provided by the 7Be technique were validated against direct measurements of soil gain or loss during the same period obtained using erosion pins. The information produced by the two approaches was similar. The results of this study demonstrate the potential for using 7Be measurements to document event-based erosion in recently harvested forest areas.     

“两山”实践成效评价指标体系构建与测算

将生态环保目标(“绿水青山”)和经济发展目标(“金山银山”)称为“两山”,客观、科学地评价“两山”成效,明晰制约“两山”转化的瓶颈,对于推动“两山”实践进程至关重要.在辨析“绿水青山”与“金山银山”内涵的基础上构建了“两山”实践成效评价指标体系,并以浙江省为例,对浙江省11个城市的“两山”实践成效进行了分析.结果表明:①2008—2017年,综合发展度与“两山”指数均呈波动上升趋势,综合发展程度对“两山”指数产生重要影响,浙江省11个城市间“两山”指数区域性差异明显.②浙江省11个城市间“绿水青山”指数与“金山银山”指数排名基本呈逆向变化特征,丽水市、衢州市等“绿水青山”指数排名靠前,但“金山银山”指数排名靠后.②根据“两山”指数的分布情况,浙江省11个城市可划分为“绿水青山”保护领先型、“金山银山”建设领先型、“两山”建设相对同步型3种类型.研究显示,尽管浙江省“两山”建设已步入第三阶段,但11个城市中“两山”建设差异较大,区域发展不均衡,建议各城市要因地制宜,适时调整政策,推进“两山”实践.      

A Watershed-based Cumulative Risk Impact Analysis: Environmental Vulnerability and Impact Criteria

Swine Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) have received much attention in recent years. As a result, a watershed-based screening tool, the Cumulative Risk Index Analysis (CRIA), was developed to assess the cumulative impacts of multiple CAFO facilities in a watershedsubunit. The CRIA formula calculates an index number based on: 1) the area of one or more facilities compared to the area of the watershed subunit, 2) the average of the environmental vulnerability criteria, and 3) the average of the industry-specific impact criteria. Each vulnerability or impact criterion is ranked on a 1 to 5 scale, with a low rank indicating low environmental vulnerability or impact and a high rank indicating high environmental vulnerability or impact. The individual criterion ranks, as well as the total CRIA score, can be used to focus the environmental analysis and facilitate discussions with industry, public, and other stakeholders in the Agency decision-making process.     

硝基甲烷废水处理方法

硝基甲烷是一种小精细化工产品，产品用途广泛，附加值较高。山东鲁光化工厂于１９９４年上了一条年产５００吨的生产线，产品质量达到化工部颁标准，并符合出口要求。但是生产中产生的废水达不到国家规定的排放标准，为此，该厂在国内无较完善的废水处理工艺作为借鉴的前...     

物化——生化两级处理工艺处理粘胶纤维生产废水

介绍粘胶纤维生产废水的来源、水质特点及物化--生化两级处理工艺。给出了主要构筑物的技术参数及实际工程运行效果，并对该工艺存在的问题进行了讨论。     

硝化／反硝化工艺中好氧生化反应区对氧量需求的分析

本文以青岛市李村河污水处理厂为例，分析生化反应各过程需氧量得出城市污水处理中生物脱氮(除磷)相关工艺的普遍规律，即在好氧生化反应区内按水流方向，微生物需氧量基本稳定在38％，26％，26％，10％。