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排序方式: 共有90条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Salomao O. Bandeira Rui Paula e Silva Jose Paula Adriano Macia Lars Hernroth Almeida T. Guissamulo Domingos Z.Bergman 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2002,31(7):606-609
本文概述了莫桑比克包括渔业在内的海洋生物学研究的发展情况.莫桑比克的海岸线约为3000km,海洋的生物资源在莫桑比克的社会中起着重要的作用,主要是作为人们的蛋白质来源以及收入和出口创汇的来源. 相似文献
2.
Vicente Estela Domingos Alves Célia A. Martins Vânia Almeida Susana Marta Lazaridis Mihalis 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(46):65385-65398
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Residential settings are of utmost importance for human exposure, as it is where people spend most of their time. Residential wood combustion is a... 相似文献
3.
The soil microbial community plays a critical part in tropical ecosystem functioning through its role in the soil organic matter (SOM) cycle. This study evaluates the relative effects of soil type and land use on (i) soil microbial community structure and (ii) the contribution of SOM derived from the original forest vegetation to the functioning of pasture and sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) ecosystems. We used principal components analysis (PCA) of soil phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles to evaluate microbial community structure and PLFA stable carbon isotope ratios (delta13C) as indicators of the delta13C of microbial substrates. Soil type mainly determined the relative proportions of gram positive versus gram negative bacteria whereas land use primarily determined the relative proportion of fungi, protozoa, and actinomycetes versus other types of microorganisms. Comparison of a simple model to our PLFA delta13C data from land use chronosequences indicates that forest-derived SOM is actively cycled for appreciably longer times in sugarcane ecosystems developed on Andisols (mean turnover time = 50 yr) than in sugarcane ecosystems developed on an Oxisol (mean turnover time = 13 yr). Our analyses indicate that soil chronosequence PLFA delta13C measurements can be useful indicators of the contribution that SOM derived from the original vegetation makes to continued ecosystem function under the new land use. 相似文献
4.
5.
A case study of molinate application in a Portuguese rice field: herbicide dissipation and proposal of a clean-up methodology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study was designed to monitor molinate losses in surface and underground waters during Ordram application in a rice field situated in central Portugal. Water samples were collected from different sites, before, during and about one month and a half after Ordram application. Molinate quantification was based on a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method followed by gas chromatography with flame photometric detector (GC-FPD) analysis, and led to the conclusion that the herbicide was dissipated in the environment, reaching levels as high as 3.9 microgl(-1) in underground water and 15.8 microgl(-1) in the river receiving tail waters. The feasibility of the application of treatment methodologies based on adsorption or biodegradation as processes to remove molinate from real-world waters was assessed. These methods seem suitable to reduce molinate concentrations to values in the range of the legally recommended limits (<0.5 microgl(-1)). 相似文献
6.
7.
Paula Méndez-Fernandez Graham J. Pierce Paco Bustamante Tiphaine Chouvelon Marisa Ferreira Angel F. González Alfredo López Fiona L. Read M. Begoña Santos Jérôme Spitz José V. Vingada Florence Caurant 《Marine Biology》2013,160(11):2825-2840
This study aims to assess niche segregation among the five main toothed whales that frequent the NW Iberian Peninsula waters: the common dolphin, the harbour porpoise, the bottlenose dolphin, the striped dolphin and the long-finned pilot whale. We used cadmium (Cd) and stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) as ecological tracers to assess degree of segregation in diet/trophic level and in foraging habitat, over various time-scales. δ13C values highlighted different habitats, while Cd concentrations highlighted feeding differences between oceanic and neritic species. Moreover, δ15N values suggest different trophic levels of prey targeted within oceanic and neritic species. Hence, results revealed long-term ecological segregation among five toothed whales that coexist in the NWIP and demonstrated the ability of ecological tracers to discriminate ecological niches among closely related species. 相似文献
8.
João Paulo Silva Author Vitae Mário Santos Author Vitae Author Vitae Domingos Leitão Author Vitae Author Vitae Márcia Pinto Author Vitae Author Vitae João Alexandre Cabral Author Vitae 《Ecological modelling》2010,221(16):1954-1963
Collision with conductors and earth cables is a known impact generated by transmission power lines, however there is virtually no information on how these infrastructures might affect bird distribution in a landscape context. With this work we specifically hypothesise that transmission power lines may affect the occurrence of a threatened bird, the little bustard (Tetrax tetrax). To test this hypothesis we used a Stochastic Dynamic Methodology (StDM), analysing the effects of power lines in a landscape perspective and simulating population trends as a response to power line installation and habitat changes induced by agricultural shifts in southern Portugal. The data used in the dynamic model construction included relevant gradients of environmental conditions and was sampled during the breeding seasons of 2003-2006. Transmission power lines were significantly avoided by the little bustard and the developed StDM model showed that the distance to these utility structures is the most important factor determining breeding densities in sites with suitable habitat for the species, which possibly leads to displacement of populations and habitat fragmentation. The model simulations also provided the base to analyse the cumulative effects caused by the habitat degradation that can ultimately lead to the extinction of local populations. Within priority conservation sites, the dismantling of existing transmission lines should be considered whenever possible, in order to ensure adequate breeding habitat. The model is considered useful as an auxiliary tool to be used in environmental impact assessments, management and conservation studies. 相似文献
9.
Increasingly government agencies are seeking to quantify the outcomes of proposed policy options in terms of ecosystem service
benefits, yet conflicting definitions and ad hoc approaches to measuring ecosystem services have created confusion regarding
how to rigorously link ecological change to changes in human well-being. Here, we describe a step-by-step framework for producing
ecological models and metrics that can effectively serve an economic-benefits assessment of a proposed change in policy or
management. A focus of the framework is developing comparable units of ecosystem goods and services to support decision-making,
even if outcomes cannot be monetized. Because the challenges to translating ecological changes to outcomes appropriate for
economic analyses are many, we discuss examples that demonstrate practical methods and approaches to overcoming data limitations.
The numerous difficult decisions that government agencies must make to fairly use and allocate natural resources provides
ample opportunity for interdisciplinary teams of natural and social scientists to improve methods for quantifying changes
in ecosystem services and their effects on human well-being. This framework is offered with the intent of promoting the success
of such teams as they support managers in evaluating the equivalency of ecosystem service offsets and trades, establishing
restoration and preservation priorities, and more generally, in developing environmental policy that effectively balances
multiple perspectives. 相似文献
10.
Sadauskas-Henrique H Sakuragui MM Paulino MG Fernandes MN 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,181(1-4):29-42
The condition factor and blood variables, including erythrocyte lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in two ecologically distinct fish species (Astyanax fasciatus and Pimelodus maculatus) were evaluated at five sites in the Furnas Hydroelectric Power Station reservoir (Brazil) to assess water quality. Aldrin/dieldrin, endosulfan, heptachlor epoxide, and metolachlor were detected at different concentrations in four of the sites. Condition factor was not directly affected by such contaminants. A negative correlation between hematocrit and heptachlor was detected in P. maculatus. Positive correlations between red blood cells and heptachlor as well as an interactive effect of metolachlor and aldrin/dieldrin were detected in A. fasciatus. The erythrocytes of both species collected from the contaminated sites showed high levels of LPO, an increase in SOD and GPx activities and a decrease in CAT activity. Although the leukocyte number and the differential percentage of leukocytes varied among the sites, the hematological variables, the LPO levels, and the antioxidant enzyme activities could be used to assess water quality, regardless of the differences in the responses of the fish species. 相似文献