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Lin CJ Ho TC Chu HW Yang H Mojica MJ Krishnarajanagar N Chiou P Hopper JR 《Journal of environmental management》2005,75(4):303-313
Emission inventory is one of the required inputs to air quality models. To assist in the urban and regional modeling efforts, United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has compiled a National Emission Inventory (NEI) for criterion pollutants, and the precursors of ozone and particulate matter (PM). In December 2002, EPA released the 1999 NEI estimates (NEI99), which represent the most recent national emission data. However, the data sets are not in model-ready format for air quality simulations. This present work converts the NEI99 Final Version 2 data sets into Inventory Data Analyzer (IDA) format and processes the data using the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) modeling system to generate a gridded emission inventory in a domain covering the west Gulf Coast Region, USA. The spatial and diurnal emission characteristics of the gridded emission inventories are then assessed and compared with those of the National Emission Trend 1996 (NET96). The NEI99 database contains more complete emission records in both area and point sources. It is also found that NEI99 data exhibit greater emissions with respect to point and mobile sources but smaller emissions with respect to area sources when compared to the corresponding gridded NET96 data in the same study domain. The most distinct differences between the NEI99 and NET96 databases are CO emission of mobile sources, SO2 emissions of point sources, and VOC/PM/NH3/NOx emissions of area and non-road sources. The gridded NEI99 data show low VOC/NOx ratios (<2-5) in the urban areas of the study domain. 相似文献
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Rapid interphase analysis for prenatal diagnosis of translocation carriers using subtelomeric probes
Mark J. Pettenati Chris Von Kap-Herr Bethy Jackle Peggy Bobby Philip Mowrey Stuart Schwartz P. Nagesh Rao Jon Rosnes 《黑龙江环境通报》2002,22(3):193-197
Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has become an accepted laboratory technique for the rapid and preliminary prenatal assessment of chromosome aneuploidy. The introduction of subtelomeric FISH probes now allows for the molecular–cytogenetic analysis of terminal chromosome rearrangements. In a prospective study, we examined the prenatal use of subtelomeric probes on interphase cells to rapidly detect the carrier status of a fetus when a parent carried a known reciprocal or Robertsonian chromosome translocation. Three of the cases were identified as being abnormal. All cases were confirmed by routine cytogenetic analysis. These findings clearly demonstrated the utility of this technique and these probes to rapidly and correctly identify balanced and unbalanced chromosome anomalies of a fetus that could result from parental translocations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Participatory Model Calibration for Improving Resource Management Systems: Case Study of Rainwater Harvesting in an Indian Village 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Nagesh Kolagani Palaniappan Ramu Koshy Varghese 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(6):1708-1721
While planning resource management systems in rural areas, it is important to consider criteria that are specific to the local social conditions. Such criteria might change from one region to another and are hence best identified using a participatory approach. In this work, we propose a participatory framework to identify such criteria and derive their weights. These identified criteria and their weights are used as parameters to develop a quantitative model for evaluating efficiency of each system. Such a model can serve as a support tool for stakeholders to simulate and analyze “what‐if” scenarios, evaluate alternatives, and select one which best satisfies their requirements. We use existing systems to test the model by comparing efficiencies evaluated by the model to efficiencies perceived by the stakeholders. The model is calibrated by repeating the process until statistically significant correlation is achieved between evaluated and perceived efficiencies. The novelty of the proposed framework lies in treating efficiencies perceived by the stakeholders as the ground truth since they know these systems well and are their ultimate users. The framework is successfully demonstrated using case study of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems in an Indian village. The resulting calibrated model can be used to plan new RWH systems in this region and similar regions elsewhere. The framework can be used to plan other resource management systems in various regions. 相似文献
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P. Nagesh Rao Ph.D. Rosa Hayworth Kelly Cox Frank Grass Mark J. Pettenati 《黑龙江环境通报》1993,13(4):233-238
Rapid detection of aneuploidy using chromosome-specific repetitive DNA probes and the potential diagnostic accuracy of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on interphase cells of chorionic villus samples (CVS) are presented. Analyses demonstrated the ability to correctly identify aneuploidy using FISH in uncultured CVS. Our preliminary investigation suggests that this technique offers a significant clinical potential to circumvent problems of culture, time, and cost in cytogenetic analysis. 相似文献
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Behavioral genomics of honeybee foraging and nest defense 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
Hunt GJ Amdam GV Schlipalius D Emore C Sardesai N Williams CE Rueppell O Guzmán-Novoa E Arechavaleta-Velasco M Chandra S Fondrk MK Beye M Page RE 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(4):247-267
The honeybee has been the most important insect species for study of social behavior. The recently released draft genomic
sequence for the bee will accelerate honeybee behavioral genetics. Although we lack sufficient tools to manipulate this genome
easily, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that influence natural variation in behavior have been identified and tested for their
effects on correlated behavioral traits. We review what is known about the genetics and physiology of two behavioral traits
in honeybees, foraging specialization (pollen versus nectar), and defensive behavior, and present evidence that map-based
cloning of genes is more feasible in the bee than in other metazoans. We also present bioinformatic analyses of candidate
genes within QTL confidence intervals (CIs). The high recombination rate of the bee made it possible to narrow the search
to regions containing only 17–61 predicted peptides for each QTL, although CIs covered large genetic distances. Knowledge
of correlated behavioral traits, comparative bioinformatics, and expression assays facilitated evaluation of candidate genes.
An overrepresentation of genes involved in ovarian development and insulin-like signaling components within pollen foraging
QTL regions suggests that an ancestral reproductive gene network was co-opted during the evolution of foraging specialization.
The major QTL influencing defensive/aggressive behavior contains orthologs of genes involved in central nervous system activity
and neurogenesis. Candidates at the other two defensive-behavior QTLs include modulators of sensory signaling (Am5HT
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serotonin receptor, AmArr4 arrestin, and GABA-B-R1 receptor). These studies are the first step in linking natural variation in honeybee social behavior
to the identification of underlying genes. 相似文献
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Sensitivity analysis of ground-level ozone concentration to emission changes in two urban regions of southeast Texas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lin CJ Ho TC Chu HW Yang H Chandru S Krishnarajanagar N Chiou P Hopper JR 《Journal of environmental management》2005,75(4):315-323
Air pollutant emission is one of the predominant factors affecting urban air quality such as ground-level ozone formation. This paper assesses the impact of changing emission inventory scenarios, based on combinations of point, mobile, area/non-road and biogenic sources, on the tropospheric ozone concentration in two southeast Texas urban areas, i.e. Houston-Galveston and Beaumont-Port Arthur, during the rapid ozone formation event (ROFE) on August 25, 2000. The EPA's Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system with 1999 national emission inventory (NEI99) estimates and updated SAPRC99 chemical mechanism are used in the sensitivity analysis for twelve different emission scenarios. Based on model results, it is found that the point source emission of NOx and VOC contributes the greatest ozone peak in the ROFE. Removing Texas point sources of VOC and NOx emission from the inventory results in a reduction in peak O3 concentration by 128 and 70 ppbv in Houston urban area, respectively. Similar but less drastic impact from point source is also observed in the Beaumont-Port Arthur area. The effect on peak ozone concentration due to mobile, area and non-road sources emissions are less significant compared to that of point source emission. Reducing VOC emission appears to be more effective than reducing NOx emission in lowering peak O3 concentration in the studied region. Although biogenic emission can contribute up to 37 ppbv of peak ozone level over a large area, the affected area is away from the urban region of concern, and should not be the main cause for O3 non-attainment in the two urban areas. Removing CO emission from mobile sources does not lead to significant reduction (< 1 ppbv) in ozone concentrations. The modeled data also show that the transport of O3 precursors from adjacent states can cause a significant ozone plume near Beaumont due to its proximity to the state border based on the conditions during the August 25, 2000 O3 episode. 相似文献
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