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排序方式: 共有122条查询结果,搜索用时 30 毫秒
1.
近年来珠三角地区大气中痕量氟氯烃(CFCs)的浓度水平与变化特征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用预浓缩-GC/MS方法研究了珠江三角洲大气中的CCl3F、CFC-12、CFC-113和CFC-114等4种痕量氟氯烷烃气体。结果表明,2005年珠江三角洲背景点鼎湖山大气中CFC-12和CFC-11的年平均浓度高于全球本底站,说明珠三角地区还存在一定CFC-11和CFC-12的排放源;CFC-113浓度水平则与全球本底站点浓度接近,且CFC-113和CFC-114在广州城区与鼎湖山差别不显著,表明区内其排放源强度应很小。观测日内广州和鼎湖山大气中四种CFCs的日变化幅度均较小,无明显的昼夜变化规律。广州市CFCs总体呈夏秋高、冬春低的特征,与城区致冷设备高温季节使用频率较大有关;鼎湖山则呈冬春高、夏秋低的特征,主要受扩散作用和季风的影响。初步分析显示,从1997年到2005年,CFC-11、CFC-12和CFC-114浓度总体呈现先上升后缓慢降低的趋势,而CFC-113的浓度一直逐年下降。 相似文献
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3.
Green algae of the genus Spirogyra: A potential absorbent for heavy metal from coal mine water 下载免费PDF全文
Selvi Angu Vetrivel Mukherjee Diptanghu Masto Reginald Ebhin Sheik Sydavalli Nehru Gaurav Kumar Pankaj Tiger 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2017,27(3):81-90
Algae have considerable capability for absorbing heavy metals from wastewaters and are considered an effective treatment technology. Heavy metal absorption from coal mine water from the Bhowra Abandoned mine (open cast mine) and the Sudamdih Shaft mine (underground mine waters), both located in Dhanbad, India, by cells of Spirogyra was studied at different dilutions (100 percent, 80 percent, 60 percent, 40 percent, and 20 percent). In the present study, the following 18 metals were selected for analysis: aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), silver (Ag), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), cesium (Cs), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), gallium (Ga), indium (In), potassium (K), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and vanadium (V). Accordingly, Al and K were found to be higher in concentration with respect to selected metals for both mine waters. The biosorption study revealed that higher amounts of Al, Bi, Co, Cs, Fe, Ga, Mn, Ni, and V were absorbed by algal biomass at 100 percent concentration from both mine waters. The maximum uptake of Cu, As, and Cd was measured at 60 percent, 40 percent, and 20 percent, respectively, for the Bhowra Abandoned mine water. The biosorption equilibrium study revealed that Ag, Al, Ba, Be, Bi, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Ga, In, K, Mn, Ni, and V were maximally absorbed by algal biomass at 100 percent concentration from Bhowra mine water, while the maximum uptake by the algal biomass measured for the Sudamidh coal mine water was for Al, As, Bi, Cu, Fe, and Mn at 100 percent concentration. The different physicochemical characteristics of mine water and drinking water standards was also studied. Accordingly, total dissolved solid and chemical oxygen demand concentrations exceeded the drinking water standards for water samples collected from both mines. 相似文献
4.
van Heezik Yolanda Freeman Claire Davidson Katherine Lewis Blake 《Environmental management》2020,66(1):42-55
Environmental Management - Activities undertaken by householders in their gardens have huge potential to enhance city-wide biodiversity, but programs aimed at activating householders require an... 相似文献
5.
Jesus D. Fernandez-Bayo Juliano Toniato Blake A. Simmons Christopher W. Simmons 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(6):164-168
Food processing facilities often use antimicrobial quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) sanitizers to maintain cleanliness. These QACs can end up in wastewaters used as feedstock for anaerobic digestion. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of QAC contamination on biogas production and structure of microbial communities in thermophilic digester sludge. Methane production and biogas quality data were analyzed in batch anaerobic digesters containing QAC at 0, 15, 50, 100 and 150 mg/L. Increasing sanitizer concentration in the bioreactors negatively impacted methane production rate and biogas quality. Microbial community composition data was obtained through 16S rRNA gene sequencing from the QAC-contaminated sludges. Sequencing data showed no significant restructuring of the bacterial communities. However, significant restructuring was observed within the archaeal communities as QAC concentration increased. Further studies to confirm these effects on a larger scale and with a longer retention time are necessary. 相似文献
6.
Katrine A. Gorham Nicola J. Blake Richard A. VanCuren Henry E. Fuelberg Simone Meinardi Donald R. Blake 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(19):2271-2279
We present a study of the seasonal and diurnal variability of carbon monoxide and selected volatile organic compounds in the Los Angeles area. Measurements were made during four different nine-day field campaigns in April/May, September, and November, 2007, and February, 2008, at the Mt. Wilson sampling site, which is located at an elevation of approximately 1700 m in the San Gabriel Mountains overlooking Pasadena and the Los Angeles basin. The results were used to characterize the Mt. Wilson site as a representative location for monitoring integrated Los Angeles basin emissions, and, by reference to carbon monoxide emissions, to estimate average annual emissions. The considerable seasonal variability of many hydrocarbons, in both their measured mixing ratios and their relationship to carbon monoxide, was indicative of variable source strengths. Most interestingly, perturbation of C4 hydrocarbon ratios suggested an enhanced role for chlorine chemistry during the month of September, likely as the result of Los Angeles’ coastal location. Such coastal influence was confirmed by observations of enhanced mixing ratios of marine halocarbons, as well as air mass back trajectories. 相似文献
7.
Roy Mauldin Edward Kosciuch Fred Eisele Greg Huey David Tanner Steve Sjostedt Don Blake Gao Chen Jim Crawford Douglas Davis 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(4):572-581
Measurements of OH, H2SO4, and MSA at South Pole (SP) Antarctica were recorded as a part of the 2003 Antarctic Chemistry Investigation (ANTCI 2003). The time period 22 November, 2003–2 January, 2004 provided a unique opportunity to observe atmospheric chemistry at SP under both natural conditions as well as those uniquely defined by a solar eclipse event. Results under natural solar conditions generally confirmed those reported previously in the year 2000. In both years the major chemical driver leading to large scale fluctuations in OH was shifts in the concentration levels of NO. Like in 2000, however, the 2003 observational data were systematically lower than model predictions. This can be interpreted as indicating that the model mechanism is still missing a significant HOx sink reaction(s); or, alternatively, that the OH calibration source may have problems. Still a final possibility could involve the integrity of the OH sampling scheme which involved a fixed building site. As expected, during the peak in the solar eclipse both NO and OH showed large decreases in their respective concentrations. Interestingly, the observational OH profile could only be approximated by the model mechanism upon adding an additional HOx radical source in the form of snow emissions of CH2O and/or H2O2. This would lead one to think that either CH2O and/or H2O2 snow emissions represent a significant HOx radical source under summertime conditions at SP. Observations of H2SO4 and MSA revealed both species to be present at very low concentrations (e.g., 5 × 105 and 1 × 105 molec cm?3, respectively), but similar to those reported in 2000. The first measurements of SO2 at SP demonstrated a close coupling with the oxidation product H2SO4. The observed low concentrations of MSA appear to be counter to the most recent thinking by glacio-chemists who have suggested that the plateau's lower atmosphere should have elevated levels of MSA. We speculate here that the absence of MSA may reflect efficient atmospheric removal mechanisms for this species involving either dynamical and/or chemical processes. 相似文献
8.
Blake T. Dotta Nirosha J. Murugan Lukasz M. Karbowski Robert M. Lafrenie Michael A. Persinger 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2014,101(2):87-94
During the first 24 h after removal from incubation, melanoma cells in culture displayed reliable increases in emissions of photons of specific wavelengths during discrete portions of this interval. Applications of specific filters revealed marked and protracted increases in infrared (950 nm) photons about 7 h after removal followed 3 h later by marked and protracted increases in near ultraviolet (370 nm) photon emissions. Specific wavelengths within the visible (400 to 800 nm) peaked 12 to 24 h later. Specific activators or inhibitors for specific wavelengths based upon Cosic’s resonant recognition model elicited either enhancement or diminishment of photons at the specific wavelength as predicted. Inhibitors or activators predicted for other wavelengths, even within 10 nm, were less or not effective. There is now evidence for quantitative coupling between the wavelength of photon emissions and intrinsic cellular chemistry. The results are consistent with initial activation of signaling molecules associated with infrared followed about 3 h later by growth and protein-structural factors associated with ultraviolet. The greater-than-expected photon counts compared with raw measures through the various filters, which also function as reflective material to other photons, suggest that photons of different wavelengths might be self-stimulatory and could play a significant role in cell-to-cell communication. 相似文献
9.
Betha R Selvam V Blake DR Balasubramanian R 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2011,61(11):1093-1101
Laser printers are one of the common indoor equipment in schools, offices, and various other places. Laser printers have recently been identified as a potential source of indoor air pollution. This study examines the characteristics of ultrafine particles (UFPs, diameter <100 nm) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from laser printers housed in a commercial printing center. The results indicated that apart from the printer type, the age of printers, and the number of pages printed, the characteristics of UFPs emitted from printers also depend on indoor ventilation conditions. It was found that at reduced ventilation rates of indoor air, there was a rise in the number concentration of UFPs in the printing center. Interestingly, the contribution of UFPs to the total number of submicrometer-sized particles was observed to be higher at a sampling point far away from the printer than the one in the immediate vicinity of the printer. Black carbon (BC) measurements showed a good correlation (rs = 0.82) with particles in the size range of 100-560 nm than those with diameters less than 100 nm (rs = 0.33 for 50-100 nm, and rs = -0.19 for 5.6-50 nm particles). Measurements of VOCs in the printing center showed high levels of m-, o-, and p-xylene, styrene, and ethylbenzenes during peak hours of printing. Although toluene was found in higher levels, its concentration decreased during peak hours compared to those during nonoperating hours of the printing center. 相似文献
10.
Selvi VA Prajapati N Masto RE Ram LC Banerjee R Srivastava NK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,145(1-3):251-256
Enormous quantity of water is used for coal beneficiation and accordingly huge amount of effluents are being generated. In this study an attempt was made to evaluate the potential of this effluent water for irrigation. Water samples were collected from three different points (a) feeding point, (b) thickening point, and (c) outlet point of coal washery, and from Damodar River for monitoring the water quality. The samples were analyzed for various parameters and compared with prescribed standard, which revealed that the total suspended solids of thickening point and Damodar River were higher. A pot experiment with maize was conducted to study the suitability of this coal washery water for irrigation. Pots were irrigated with water from the three points of washery and Damodar River in two concentrations (100% and 50% dilution with distilled water); pure distilled water was used for control. There was 100% germination in all the treatments. The plant growth, chlorophyll content and soil quality parameters were significantly better in washery and Damodar River water treated pots. The Damodar River water and washery water from feeding and outlet point could be successfully used for irrigation. In general mixing with good quality water has shown better results. 相似文献