黄土高原半干旱区侧柏林群落土壤呼吸日变化及季节动态变化特征

Desertification is one of the most serious eco-environmental problems around Qinghai Lake. Based on GIS and RS, GIS analysis was used to obtain the information of spatial-temporal change and different pattern of desertification in each county around Qinghai Lake in four phases of 1976, 1987, 1995 and 2006. Using the function of intersect and overlay supported by ARCGIS, with analyzing attributes of vector RS images, we obtained transition data and established transfer matrix of land-use types in recent 30 years, besides, protracted land-use transition maps of all desertification classes. In further, we analyzed transition quantity and direction of desertification in each county, moreover, reconstructed the process of spatial-temporal evolution of desertification. The results are showed below: (1) it′s the transition between desertified land and others but not in the desertified that played the main role in Gangcha and Gonghe County, while the transfer between desertified lands were greater than that with other land-use types in Haiyan County. (2) Extremely severe desertified land mainly distributes in Ketu and Sand Islands that belongs to Haiyan County, and moderate desertified land in riversides of Gangcha County, also, the light desertification expanded too rapidly to become the most desertified land-use type in the surrounding of Qinghai Lake since 1976. (3) By using relative change rate of desertified land, the regional variability rank from top to toe was Gangcha, Haiyan and Gonghe.     

黄土丘陵区4种植被类型土壤呼吸季节及年际变化

土壤碳库是陆地生态系统中的最大碳库,通过土壤呼吸向大气排放CO2是土壤碳固存的重要支出项.以黄土丘陵区4种典型植被类型(天然辽东栎林、人工刺槐林、天然侧柏林、天然灌丛)为研究对象.在各植被类型中设置20m×20 m的样方,在每个样方的四角和中心分别设立一个PVC环,测定分析3个生长季(2011、2013、2014年)林地土壤呼吸特征及其对主要环境因子的响应.结果表明,各林地生长季内土壤呼吸表现出明显的季节变化规律,前期较低,中后期达到较高水平,4种植被类型呈现大致相同的变化趋势.不同植被类型间土壤呼吸水平存在一定差异,总体表现为辽东栎林侧柏林灌丛刺槐林.3个生长季土壤呼吸速率在植被类型间的变异系数较年际的变异系数低.4种植被类型的土壤温湿度与土壤呼吸的相关关系都极显著(P0.01),但土壤呼吸速率对土壤湿度的响应更敏感,刺槐林尤为突出.用土壤温度和土壤湿度共同拟合土壤呼吸速率效果良好,可以较好地解释某种植被类型对环境条件的响应规律.综上,在黄土丘陵区,4种植被类型土壤呼吸具有明显的季节性;就年际变化来看环境因素对其影响大过植被类型间的影响;干旱半干旱地区土壤湿度对土壤呼吸的影响更显著,且土壤温度与土壤湿度共同拟合对土壤呼吸解释性更强.