排序方式: 共有10条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1
1.
The development and effective introduction of strategies designed to ensure the ecologically and economically sustainable utilization of coastal and marine resources is perhaps the major challenge for Small Island Developing States (SIDS). In response, the 1994 Barbados Programme of Action (BPoA) called upon the SIDS to implement appropriate coastal and marine strategies and, crucially, ensure that such strategies were integrated into sustainable national development plans (NDPs). This article examines the extent to which contemporary NDPs and donor support programmes have incorporated the fisheries sector — arguably the most important coastal/marine resource for many SIDS — into such documents. Applying an assessment methodology, originally developed to identify levels of environmental mainstreaming within World Bank country assistance strategies to NDPs and donor support programmes, we are able to identify those SIDS who have most effectively integrated the fisheries sector into such documents. Comparison with data indicating the importance of the sector to the national economy (in terms of generating foreign exchange, employment generation and/or supporting domestic protein consumption levels) enables us to pinpoint those countries with substantial fisheries sectors, but a correspondingly lower than expected degree of sectoral mainstreaming. We suggest that the January 2005 review of the BPoA offers an opportune moment for such countries to redress these omissions. 相似文献
2.
Column experiments were conducted to validate a screening model predicting the influence of pentachlorophenol (PCP) pole-treating oil on the vertical migration of its impurities, chlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs). PCP pole-treating oil (15 mL d−1) and water (20 mL d−1) were added daily to the top of sand and organic soil columns during 35 d. Column soil samples were analyzed to determine concentrations of hydrocarbons and PCDD/Fs at several depths in the columns (0-30 cm) and their evolution in time (7, 14, 21 and 35 d).The model predicted a significant vertical migration of PCDD/Fs due to the presence of oil as a free phase and PCDD/Fs were found in the different column layers at concentrations consistent with model predictions (same order of magnitude). Measured PCDD/Fs concentrations are in total disagreement with literature data and with model prediction in the absence of oil free phase, which implies PCDD/F properties alone cannot be used to predict their fate in the current context: the influence of PCP pole-treating oil must be accounted for to properly explain their migration. 相似文献
3.
Use of Ordination Techniques to Follow Community Succession from Oil Impact to Recovery in the Field
Edward S. Gilfillan David S. Page Cecile M. Krejsa Sherry A. Hanson Judith C. Foster Geoffrey C. Trussel Bethany S. Whalon 《Chemistry and Ecology》1991,5(1):85-97
Much effort has been directed toward elucidating pollution effects on marine benthic communities (Pearson and Rosenberg, 1978; Sanders et al., 1980; NAS 1985). Less effort has been directed at methods of data analysis which will identify distribution patterns and relationships between communities. Traditional community structure summary parameters such as species richness and various indices of diversity utilize only part of the information contained in a data set and are not very useful in elucidating relationships between communities of animals. 相似文献
4.
Humanitarian governance is usually understood according to the classic, Dunantist paradigm that accords central importance to international humanitarian agencies. However, this is increasingly paralleled by ‘resilience humanitarianism’ that focuses, among other things, on including national actors in humanitarian governance. This article views humanitarian governance as emerging through interactions between authorities, implementing agencies and communities. It is based on interactive ethnography in five countries by Partners for Resilience (PfR). Using the Theory of Change (ToC) tool, it analyses the various interpretations and priorities of actors involved in humanitarian problems, solutions and programme governance. For example, PfR had a ‘software’ focus, aiming to unlock communities’ potential for resilience, whereas communities and authorities preferred to receive tangible ‘hardware’ support. The findings highlight the crucial role of local authorities in shaping humanitarian aid. This is especially pertinent in view of the international agenda to localise aid, which requires the understanding and support of national actors in order to responsibly protect the vulnerable. 相似文献
5.
Natalia Yoshida Mariano Castro Cecile du Mortier Alicia Fernández Cirelli 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2007,5(3):157-160
The increase of intensive bovine production systems in Argentina involves the use of therapeutic agents and growth promoters
that reach the environment through animal excreta. The growth promoter most widely used in Argentina is monensin, an ionophore
polyether antibiotic produced by Streptomyces cinnamoniensis. Here, the behavior of monensin in different solid environmental matrices is analyzed, and preliminary results that suggest
a strong dependence of monensin retention with the organic matter content of the matrix are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Gayathri Prabhakar Stuart Schwartz Elizabeth Waters Cecile Punzalan Maimon M. Cohen 《黑龙江环境通报》1994,14(7):595-598
Karyotypic discrepancy among four different cell types is described in tissues derived from a pregnancy terminated because of chromosomal anomalies. Chorionic villus cells demonstrated 46,XX (direct preparation) and 46, XX/47,XX,+marl (cultured cells) karyotypes, while fetal skin fibroblasts had a karyotype of 47,XX,+ 18 and the placenta showed a triple mosaicism of 47,XX, + 18/47,XX,+mar1/48,XX,+ 18,+mar2. The origin of this complex chromosomal distribution and its significance are discussed in comparison with findings in similar cases. 相似文献
7.
Knook Jorie Dynes Robyn Pinxterhuis Ina de Klein Cecile A. M. Eory Vera Brander Matthew Moran Dominic 《Environmental management》2020,65(2):243-256
Environmental Management - Although the link between agriculture and diffuse water pollution has been understood for decades, there is still a need to implement effective measures to address this... 相似文献
8.
Ardavan Mohajer Anne Trémier Suzelle Barrington José Martinez Cecile Teglia Marco Carone 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(8):2257-2264
The wide range of optimal values reported for the physical parameters of compost mixtures suggest that their interactive relationships should be investigated. The objective of this study was to examine the microbial O2 uptake rate (OUR) in 16 sludge waste recipes, offering a range of moisture content (MC), waste/bulking agent (W/BA) ratio and BA particle size levels determined using a central composite experimental design. The 3 kg samples were maintained at a constant temperature and aeration rate for 28 days, during which a respirometer recorded O2 uptake to provide a measure of microbial activity and biodegradability. The cumulative O2 consumption after 14 and 28 days was found to be significantly influenced by MC, W/BA ratio, BA particle size and the interaction between MC and W/BA ratio (p < 0.05). Using multivariate regression analysis, the experimental data was used to generate a model with good predictive ability for cumulative O2 consumption after 28 days as a function of the significant physical variables (R2 = 0.84). The prediction of O2 uptake by the model depended highly on the interaction between MC and W/BA ratio. A MC outside of the traditional 50–60% (wet basis) range still resulted in a high level of microbial O2 uptake as long as the W/BA ratio was adjusted to maintain a suitable O2 exchange in the sample. The evolution of OUR in the samples was also investigated, uncovering strong associations between short and long-term respirometric indices, such as peak OUR and cumulative O2 consumption (p < 0.005). Combining peak OUR data with cumulative O2 consumption after 14 days allowed for accurate predictions of cumulative O2 after 28 days of aeration (R2 = 0.96), implying that future studies need only run trials up to 14 days to evaluate the overall O2 consumption or biodegradability of similar sludge mixtures. 相似文献
9.
Ardavan Mohajer Anne Tremier Suzelle Barrington Cecile Teglia 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(8-9):1464-1471
Composting is a feasible biological treatment for the recycling of wastewater sludge as a soil amendment. The process can be optimized by selecting an initial compost recipe with physical properties that enhance microbial activity. The present study measured the microbial O2 uptake rate (OUR) in 16 sludge and wood residue mixtures to estimate the kinetics parameters of maximum growth rate μm and rate of organic matter hydrolysis Kh, as well as the initial biodegradable organic matter fractions present. The starting mixtures consisted of a wide range of moisture content (MC), waste to bulking agent (BA) ratio (W/BA ratio) and BA particle size, which were placed in a laboratory respirometry apparatus to measure their OUR over 4 weeks. A microbial model based on the activated sludge process was used to calculate the kinetic parameters and was found to adequately reproduced OUR curves over time, except for the lag phase and peak OUR, which was not represented and generally over-estimated, respectively. The maximum growth rate μm, was found to have a quadratic relationship with MC and a negative association with BA particle size. As a result, increasing MC up to 50% and using a smaller BA particle size of 8–12 mm was seen to maximize μm. The rate of hydrolysis Kh was found to have a linear association with both MC and BA particle size. The model also estimated the initial readily biodegradable organic matter fraction, MB0, and the slower biodegradable matter requiring hydrolysis, MH0. The sum of MB0 and MH0 was associated with MC, W/BA ratio and the interaction between these two parameters, suggesting that O2 availability was a key factor in determining the value of these two fractions. The study reinforced the idea that optimization of the physical characteristics of a compost mixture requires a holistic approach. 相似文献
10.
Anne-Marie Boulay Christian Bouchard Cecile Bulle Louise Deschênes Manuele Margni 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2002,7(4):417-418
Subject Index
Subject Index 相似文献
1