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1.
Daniel S. Read Marianne Matzke Hyun S. Gweon Lindsay K. Newbold Laura Heggelund Maria Diez Ortiz Elma Lahive David Spurgeon Claus Svendsen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(5):4120-4128
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used in an array of products and processes, ranging from personal care products to antifouling paints, textiles, food additives, antibacterial agents and environmental remediation processes. Soils are an environment likely to be exposed to manmade nanoparticles due to the practice of applying sewage sludge as a fertiliser or as an organic soil improver. However, understanding on the interactions between soil properties, nanoparticles and the organisms that live within soil is lacking, especially with regards to soil bacterial communities. We studied the effects of nanoparticulate, non-nanoparticulate and ionic zinc (in the form of zinc chloride) on the composition of bacterial communities in soil with a modified pH range (from pH 4.5 to pH 7.2). We observed strong pH-dependent effects on the interaction between bacterial communities and all forms of zinc, with the largest changes in bacterial community composition occurring in soils with low and medium pH levels (pH 4.8 and 5.9). The high pH soil (pH 7.2) was less susceptible to the effects of zinc exposure. At the highest doses of zinc (2500 mg/kg dw soil), both nano and non-nano particulate zinc applications elicited a similar response in the soil bacterial community, and this differed significantly to the ionic zinc salt treatment. The results highlight the importance of considering soil pH in nanotoxicology studies, although further work is needed to determine the exact mechanisms controlling the toxicity and fate and interactions of nanoparticles with soil microbial communities. 相似文献
2.
Jasmina Djedjibegovic Aleksandra Marjanovic Selma Burnic Elma Omeragic Amila Dobraca Faruk Caklovica 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(9):638-644
Fish is the main single source of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exposure in men. Anecdotal reports suggest high wild fish consumption rates among sport fishermen in Sanski Most area, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Presence of PCBs in the environment in BiH was previously documented. The main objective of this work was to estimate the magnitude of PCBs exposure and assess the potential health risk in sport fishermen in Sanski Most. The fishing pattern and magnitude of fish consumption were estimated in the questionnaire survey conducted during April 2012 among members (n = 60) of the local sport fishermen association in Sanski Most. Calculated median and high-end (90th percentile) fish consumption rates were 31 g d?1 and 126 g d?1, respectively. The PCB concentrations (as Aroclor 1254 equivalents), determined by ELISA immunoassay in 28 fish fillets ranged from undetectable to 208 μg kg?1. Two different exposure scenarios were used: (a) median exposure, calculated from the median fish consumption rate and median PCB concentrations, and (b) “worst case” scenario, calculated from the high-end fish consumption rate and mean PCB concentrations. The results suggest negligible lifelong cancer and non-cancer risks in case of low to moderate fish consumption rate, but possibly unacceptable risk levels in high-end consumers. 相似文献
3.
Gabriela Scheibel Cassol Chii Shang Juan Li Li Ling Xin Yang Ran Yin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(7):119-128
Drinking water utilities are interested in upgrading their treatment facilities to enhance micropollutant removal and byproduct control. Pre-oxidation by chlorine dioxide (ClO2) followed by coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is one of the promising solutions. However, the chlorite (ClO2–) formed from the ClO2 pre-oxidation stage cannot be removed by the conventional coagulation process using aluminum sulfate. ClO2– negatively affects the post-UV/chlorine process due to its strong radical scavenging effect, and it also enhances the formation of chlorate (ClO3–). In this study, dosing micromolar-level ferrous iron (Fe(II)) into aluminum-based coagulants was proposed to eliminate the ClO2– generated from ClO2 pre-oxidation and benefit the post-UV/chlorine process in radical production and ClO3– reduction. Results showed that the addition of 52.1-µmol/L FeSO4 effectively eliminated the ClO2– generated from the pre-oxidation using 1.0 mg/L (14.8 µmol/L) of ClO2. Reduction of ClO2– increased the degradation rate constant of a model micropollutant (carbamazepine) by 55.0% in the post-UV/chlorine process. The enhanced degradation was verified to be attributed to the increased steady-state concentrations of HO· and ClO· by Fe(II) addition. Moreover, Fe(II) addition also decreased the ClO3– formation by 53.8% in the UV/chlorine process and its impact on the formation of chloro-organic byproducts was rather minor. The findings demonstrated a promising strategy to improve the drinking water quality and safety by adding low-level Fe(II) in coagulation in an advanced drinking water treatment train. 相似文献
4.
Because of fast urban sprawl, land use competition, and the gap in available funds and needed funds, municipal decision makers
and planners are looking for more cost-effective and sustainable ways to improve their sewer infrastructure systems. The dominant
approaches have turned to planning the sanitary sewer systems within a regional context, while the decentralized and on-site/cluster
wastewater systems have not overcome the application barriers. But regionalization policy confers uncertainties and risks
upon cities while planning for future events. Following the philosophy of smart growth, this paper presents several optimal
expansion schemes for a fast-growing city in the US/Mexico borderlands—the city of Pharr in Texas under uncertainty. The waste
stream generated in Pharr is divided into three distinct sewer sheds within the city limit, including south region, central
region, and north region. The options available include routing the wastewater to a neighboring municipality (i.e., McAllen)
for treatment and reuse, expanding the existing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the south sewer shed, and constructing
a new WWTP in the north sewer shed. Traditional deterministic least-cost optimization applied in the first stage can provide
a cost-effective and technology-based decision without respect to associated uncertainties system wide. As the model is primarily
driven by the fees charged for wastewater transfer, sensitivity analysis was emphasized by the inclusion of varying flat-rate
fees for adjustable transfer schemes before contracting process that may support the assessment of fiscal benefits to all
parties involved. Yet uncertainties might arise from wastewater generation, wastewater reuse, and cost increase in constructing
and operating the new wastewater treatment plant simultaneously. When dealing with multiple sources of uncertainty, the grey
mixed integer programming (GIP) model, formulated in the second stage, can further allow all sources of uncertainties to propagate
throughout the optimization context, simultaneously leading to determine a wealth of optimal decisions within a reasonable
range. Both models ran for three 5-year periods beginning in 2005 and ending in 2020. The dynamic outputs of this analysis
reflect the systematic concerns about integrative uncertainties within this decision analysis, which enable decision makers
and stakeholders to make all-inclusive decisions for sanitary sewer system expansion in an economically growing region. 相似文献
5.
Marianne Schwartz Ph.D. David N. Cooper David S. Millart Vijay V. Kakkar Elma Scheibel 《黑龙江环境通报》1992,12(11):861-866
A novel mutation was detected in the Factor VIII gene of a sporadic case of severe haemophilia A. The lesion, a CGA → TGA transition, converts Arg 795 to Term and adequately accounts for the severe phenotype observed. PCR/direct sequencing was used to confirm the carrier status in the mother. Exclusion of haemophilia A in an at-risk pregnancy was then achieved by demonstration of the absence of this lesion in fetal DNA from a chorionic villus sample. The mutation was also detectable by chemical cleavage of mismatch (CCM), which both confirmed the prenatal diagnosis and established the carrier status of the proband's sister. This example therefore serves to illustrate the potential of direct gene analysis in sporadic cases of haemophilia A and/or in families uninformative for known RFLPs. 相似文献
6.
Oliveira Maria Roniele Félix do Vale Abreu Katiany Romão Ana Lúcia Eufrázio Davi Dalila Maria Barbosa de Carvalho Magalhães Carlos Emanuel Carrilho Elma Neide Vasconcelos Martins Alves Carlucio Roberto 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(15):18941-18952
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Plant-based biomass (CFB (carnauba fruit biomass)) obtained from the fruit exocarp of the species Copernicia prunifera (Mill.) H.E. Moore (carnauba)... 相似文献
7.
8.
Soares Beatriz Caliman Abilio Thais Eduarda José Julia Cristina Labuto Geórgia Carrilho Elma Neide Vasconcelos Martins 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(4):8822-8834
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Biosorption is a viable and environmentally friendly process to remove pollutants and species of commercial interest. Biological materials are... 相似文献
9.
W. Scheibel 《Marine Biology》1974,28(3):165-168
From July, 1972 to February, 1973, meiofauna samples were taken from submerged platforms. Substrates were gravel, fine sand, and clayey mud. The individual samples consisted of 20 cm2 100 cm3. A diver collected the samples by hand. Some days after submersion of the platforms, colonization by meiofauna began. The submerged substrates were colonized almost exclusively by nematodes and harpacticoids; gastrotrichs were never present. In general, the harpacticoid fauna can be classified into two groups: the first, confined to the mesopsammon, did not colonize the platforms; the second, not limited to the interstitial habitat, did colonize. Two harpacticoid species, Ameira parvula and Danielssenia typica, were markedly dominant. The main migration route to the submerged platform was up the securing lines.Contribution no. 35 from the Sonderforschungsbereich 95, Kiel. 相似文献
10.
Priscila Aparecida Milani Karina Bugan Debs Geórgia Labuto Elma Neide Vasconcelos Martins Carrilho 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(36):35895-35905
Sugarcane bagasse and hydroponic lettuce roots were used as biosorbents for Cu(II), Fe(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II) removal from monoelemental solutions in aqueous medium, at pH 5.5, using batch procedures. These biomasses were studied in natura (lettuce roots, NLR, and sugarcane bagasse, NSB) and modified with HNO3 (lettuce roots, MLR, and sugarcane bagasse, MSB). Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich non-linear isotherm models were used to evaluate the data from the metal ion adsorption assessment. The maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) in monoelemental solution, calculated using the Langmuir isothermal model for Cu(II), Fe(II), Zn(II), and Mn(II), were respectively 24.61, 2.64, 23.04, and 5.92 mg/g for NLR; 2.29, 16.89, 1.97, and 2.88 mg/g for MLR; 0.81, 0.06, 0.83, and 0.46 mg/g for NSB; and 1.35, 2.89, 20.76, and 1.56 mg/g for MSB. The Freundlich n parameter indicated that the adsorption process was favorable for Cu(II) uptake by NLR; Fe(II) retention by MLR and MSB; and Zn(II) sorption by NSB, MLR, and NSB and favorable for all biomasses in the accumulation of Mn(II). The Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm was applied to estimate the energy (E) and type of adsorption process involved, which was found to be a physical one between analytes and adsorbents. Organic groups such as O–H, C–O–C, CH, and C=O were found in the characterization of the biomass by FTIR. In the determination of the biomass surface charges by using blue methylene and red amaranth dyes, there was a predominance of negative charges. 相似文献