不同麦秆生物炭强化餐厨垃圾厌氧消化

为明确生物炭制备条件对生物炭性质及厌氧消化效果的影响,本研究以小麦秸秆(WS)为原料,在不同热解温度和不同KOH改性浓度条件下制备出不同类型的麦秆生物炭(WBC).研究发现,较低的热解温度能够保护WBC表面的官能团,而较高的热解温度则能够提高WBC的比表面积,孔容及平均孔径.KOH改性能够向WBC表面引入─OH,且一定程度上会影响WBC的比表面积,孔容及平均孔径.将制得的WBC分别添加到餐厨垃圾厌氧消化(KWAD)系统中,发现所有WBC均能够提高KWAD的总产气量.其中WS650与WS450-2的促进作用最显著,较CK分别提高了32.82%和30.01%的总产气量.在关键酶活性的研究中,发现WS450-2的辅酶F420与脱氢酶活性大大提升,这可能与其表面丰富的官能团有关.在微生物群落结构的研究中,WS450-2在富集厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),抑制非相关细菌方面展现了较大优势;WS650在富集甲烷八叠球菌属(Methanosarcina),抑制非相关古菌方面展现了较大优势.最后通过冗余分析明确了WBC制备工艺和表征指标与KWAD产气动力学参数,过程参数,酶活性和微生物丰度之间的相...     

铬污染场地渣土混合物的化学还原修复

针对目前铬污染场地表层重污染铬渣混土难处理的问题,选用河南义马某铬盐厂铬渣堆场表层渣土混合物为研究对象,在分析其理化特性的基础上,研究CaS_4、FeSO_4·7H_2O和葡萄糖3种还原药剂对Cr(VI)的还原效率,通过改变药剂投加量、反应体系pH、反应时间等条件,优化修复工艺参数。结果表明,3种还原药剂对渣土混合物的最佳还原效率大小为CaS_4(98.50%)FeSO_4·7H_2O(72.21%)葡萄糖(51.45%)。CaS_4还原修复渣土混合物的最优工艺参数为:药剂投加量为还原反应理论当量的2倍,体系pH在3～9,反应时间0.5 h。     

不同培养条件下锰过氧化物酶(MnP)的合成及其对甲基橙的降解

高效、大规模、低成本合成木质素降解酶是直接采用其降解难降解有机污染物所必须解决的问题.对锰过氧化物酶(MnP)降解甲基橙和在非灭菌的反应器中连续合成MnP的可行性进行考察.结果表明,在采用2 mmol H2O2和1.5 mmol MnSO4的降解体系中,获最大脱色效果,且100、200和300 U/L的MnP可在8h内将甲基橙分别脱色18％、23％和35％;在非灭菌的反应器水平上实现了固定化培养的P.chrysosporium连续23 d合成MnP,但MnP酶活仅为2～ 23 U/L,难以酶解甲基橙;然而,在摇瓶培养条件下固定化的P.chrysosporium合成的MnP却能达1 152 U/L.因此,直接采用MnP对污染物进行降解以及在非灭菌的反应器中持续合成MnP是可行的,但就在非灭菌条件下如何提高MnP的合成量还有待开展深入的研究.     

康宁中国（上海）排放控制产品生产厂扩充工程正式竣工

2007年11月27日，康宁（上海）有限公司（CSCL）生产清洁空气产品的产能扩充竣工庆祝典礼在康宁环境科技部上海工厂举行，新增产能将帮助康宁提高生产产能，从而满足我国乃至全球市场对应用于轻型车辆的先进陶瓷载体的需求。     

烟花爆竹用氯酸钾的安全化研究进展

含有氯酸钾的烟花爆竹药剂化学稳定性差、机械感度高,是烟花爆竹安全生产的一大隐患,通过改性与替代可以改善其安全性.包覆技术是一种创新的改性方法,效果明显.目前,研究的氯酸钾替代品多为高氯酸盐及其与硝酸盐的复合氧化剂,而含能材料作新型烟花爆竹氧化剂是今后的一个发展方向.     

计算机模拟研究UO2+2在人体细胞液的形态分布

建立了由多种金属离子和小分子配体组成的多相细胞液热力学平衡模型.模拟研究了UO2 2在组织液和细胞液的形态分布及CO2-3、氨三乙酸（NTA）和乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）浓度对细胞液中UO2 2形态分布的影响.在组织液中,正常生理pH下,当各形态UO2 2总摩尔浓度 [U]= 1.0×10-6 mol/L 或[U]=1.0×10-3 mol/L时,UO2 2均主要以[UO2(CO3)3]4-和[UO2(CO3)2]2-形态存在.在细胞液中,当[U]=1.0×10-6 mol/L时,UO2 2主要以[UO2(CO3)3]4-和[UO2(CO3)2]2-存在；当[U]=1.0×10-3 mol/L,pH为6.0～6.8时,细胞液中存在大量的固相(UO2)3(PO4)2·4H2O,当pH为6.8～7.4时,UO2 2主要以[UO2(CO3)3]4-、[UO2(CO3)2]2-和[(UO2)2CO3(OH)3]-存在.细胞液中(UO2)3(PO4)2·4H2O含量随[U]升高而增加.通过调节细胞液pH和增加细胞液CO2-3浓度均能降低其固相UO2 2配合物含量.在细胞液中增加NTA会增加(UO2)3(PO4)2·4H2O含量,当添加EDTA时会显著降低(UO2)3(PO4)2·4H2O含量.     

大力开发长江流域水力资源

阐明了长江流域丰富的水力资源及其流域内电网现状和存在问题，根据全国需电的发展预测了长江流域内三大电网区的需电水平；并从水力资源条件和能源供求关系与能源平衡，说明应大力开发流域的水力资源。     

Factors affecting river health and its assessment over broad geographic ranges: the Western Australian experience

AusRivAS is an Australia-wide program that measures river condition using predictive models to compare the macroinvertebrate families occurring at a river site with those expected if the site were in natural condition. Results of assessment of 685 sites across all major rivers in Western Australia are presented. Most rivers were in relatively natural condition in the northern half of the state where the human population is low and pastoralism is the major land use. In the south, where the human population is higher and agriculture is more intensive, rivers were mostly more disturbed. AusRivAS assessment produced some erroneous results in rivers of the south-west cropping zone because of the lack of appropriate reference site groups and biased distribution of sampling sites. Collecting low numbers of animals from many forested streams, because of low stream productivity and samples that were difficult to sort, also affected assessments. Overall, however, AusRivAs assessment identified catchment processes that were inimical to river health. These processes included salinisation, high nutrient and organic loads, erosion and loss of riparian vegetation. River regulation, channel modification and fire were also associated with river degradation. As is the case with other assessment methods, one-off sampling at individual sites using AusRivAS may be misleading. Seasonal drought, in particular, may make it difficult to relate conditions at the time of sampling to longer-term river health. AusRivAS has shown river condition in Western Australia is not markedly different from other parts of Australia which, as a whole, lacks the substantial segments of severely degraded river systems reported in England.     

南京市建筑材料放射卫生管理现状及对策

近年来，随着社会经济的发展，各种新型建筑材料不断问世。为保障居民健康，促进全市建材业的合理发展，从2005年起，我们对全市的建筑材料放射卫生管理现状进行了调查，调查情况如下：调查结果显示：全市现有建筑材料生产单位226家，其中水泥厂31家，砖瓦厂118家，大件（包括混凝土多孔板厂）77家。     

Soils, climate change and the OECD

Some concepts of sustainability applied to soils are given in relation to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Co-operative Research Programme 'Biological Resource Management for Sustainable Agricultural Systems'. The application of these concepts to climate change will be discussed in relation to seven high-profile papers published over the past 12 months. It is argued that multi-disciplinary (including social science) approaches are needed to address the issues. There is also a brief discussion on biomass energy in terms of soil sustainability and climate change.