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Kinship and aggression: do house sparrows spare their relatives? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zoltán Tóth Veronika Bókony Ádám Z. Lendvai Krisztián Szabó Zsolt Pénzes András Liker 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(8):1189-1196
Kin-selection theory predicts that relatedness may reduce the level of aggression among competing group members, leading to
indirect fitness benefits for kin-favoring individuals. To test this hypothesis, we investigated whether relatedness affects
aggressive behavior during social activities in captive house sparrow (Passer domesticus) flocks. We found that sparrows did not reduce their aggression towards kin, as neither the frequency nor the intensity of
fights differed between close kin and unrelated flock-mates. Fighting success was also unrelated to kinship and the presence
of relatives in the flock did not influence the birds’ dominance rank. These results suggest that the pay-offs of reduced
aggression towards kin may be low in non-breeding flocks of sparrows, e.g. due to competition among relatives as predicted
by a recent refinement of kin-selection theory. Our findings indicate that the significance of kin selection may be restricted
in some social systems such as winter aggregations of birds.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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Hámori K Tóth E Pál L Köteles G Losonci A Minda M 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2006,88(2):189-198
The RAD Laboratory measured annual means of radon activity concentrations in 15 277 first-floor rooms of dwellings and in 325 rooms on upper floors in Hungary (1994-2004). The original purpose of the survey was to find radon-prone area in Hungary. The maximum measured value was 5800 Bq m(-3), while the minimum was 10 Bq m(-3). Due to geological diversity and different structures of buildings, the data set of first-floor rooms did not follow the lognormal distribution. Therefore, strata were chosen so that the measured data fitted the lognormal distribution. The numbers of dwellings above a given radon level were determined in each stratum. The national distribution was then taken as the sum of the individual distributions of all strata. This distribution was not lognormal. The parameters of the best fitting lognormal distribution were GM = 58 Bq m(-3), GSD = 2.2. The weighted averages of strata values GM = 62 Bq m(-3), GSD=2.1 were obtained corresponding to 92% of Hungarian dwellings. 相似文献
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Zoltán Zsilák Orsolya Fónagy Erzsébet Szabó-Bárdos Ottó Horváth Krisztián Horváth Péter Hajós 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(19):11126-11134
The efficiency of titanium dioxide-mediated photocatalytic degradation of pollutants can be enhanced by combination with another advanced oxidation procedure such as ozonation. Mineralization of hydroxy- and dihydroxybenzenesulfonate based on these methods, both individually and combined, was investigated by monitoring the total organic carbon content, sulfate concentration, pH, high-performance liquid chromatography as well as the absorption spectral changes. The mineralization efficiency of the combined procedure significantly exceeded the sum of those of the individual techniques. The comparison of the disappearance of the starting material and the formation of the sulfate ions indicates that desulfonation is not the primary step of the degradation. Moreover, in the case of the combined method, ring cleavage, and thus, partial mineralization can occur without desulfonation. Efficient degradation of other, widely used industrial surfactants, such as alkylbenzene sulfonates and alkyl ether sulfates, was also achieved by heterogeneous photocatalysis combined with ozonation, offering an applicable method for the removal of these pollutants. 相似文献
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