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Maqbool Ahmad Ahmad Saeed Bajahlan Mamdoh M. Miran 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,176(1-4):31-42
Uses of wastewater drives significant economic activity, supports countless livelihoods particularly those for developing countries. While using wastewater, the challenge is to identify practical, affordable safeguards that do not threaten the health of users. In Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah, treated sewage effluent (TSE) is used for landscape purposes. In the present study, the odour problem caused by TSE in community area has been addressed. Samples were collected and analysed for total coliform, odour, trihalomethanes (THMs), total organic carbon (TOC) and other physicochemical parameters. Results show that in distribution network, residual chlorine was below the detection limit, turbidity, THMs, TOC and total coliform concentration was much higher than point source, and concentration of these parameters was further increased in problematic areas. It was also observed that areas with odourous problem were at the tail of irrigation network. This indicates that odour problem was due to less residual chlorine high turbidity, high rate of coliform and TOC. In odourous water samples, carbon disulphide and dimethyl sulphide were also identified by GC/MS, while in other areas where there was no odour, both these compounds were not detected. Odour problem was successfully resolved by improving sand filtration system to minimise turbidity the main cause of odour, increasing the residual chlorine at the treatment plant and regularly flushing the distribution network. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to examine and compare all publicly accessible data on occupational injuries in Slovenia in the period from 1948 to 2008, obtained either from archives or websites. The data obtained from five different sources which have been formally collecting and presenting data on occupational injuries in Slovenia (Labour Inspectorate of the Republic of Slovenia – LIRS, Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Slovenia – IPHRS, International Labour Organization – ILO, Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia – SORS, and issues of the Journal of Occupational Safety and Fire Safety) were reviewed and managed. Since the early 1960s, there has been a significant decrease of fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries in Slovenia. Problems related to gathering and interpreting data on occupational injuries are also discussed with special emphasize on diversity of models used for occupational injuries data collecting. The results of the 60-year-long retrospective study can also be of assistance for professionals involved in planning, implementing and controlling the national policy and/or regional policies on safety and health at work. 相似文献
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Miran Kim Robert W. Furness Ruedi G. Nager 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(7):1087-1097
Hatching asynchrony is widespread amongst animals, but no consensus has yet emerged as to why asynchronous hatching has evolved.
It is generally thought to have adaptive benefits during the raising of dependent young. However, here, we considered an alternative
view of hatching asynchrony in birds as a consequence of factors acting at the onset of incubation. We recorded parental nest
attendance behaviour during laying using continuous records of nest temperature in herring gulls, Larus argentatus. We tested whether nest attendance during laying was related to individual factors (clutch size and diet) and whether it
had consequences on fitness outcomes (hatching spread, incubation period, hatching success and chick survival). Low nest attendance
was associated with small clutch size, and independent of clutch size, pairs on a more marine diet had lower nest attendance
than pairs on a lower trophic level terrestrial diet, possibly due to higher foraging effort for marine food. Broods hatched
more asynchronous where pairs had a lower nest attendance during laying or took longer to complete a clutch and where the
last egg took longer to hatch. Low nest attendance was also related to shorter incubation periods, possibly representing a
strategy of birds in poor condition to reduce the demand of incubation by reducing the length of incubation. We found that
low nest attendance during laying and increasing hatching asynchrony had detrimental effects on hatching success for small
eggs laid early in the laying sequence. Increasing hatching asynchrony also had a detrimental effect on the survival of the
youngest sibling. In our study population, hatching asynchrony was influenced by a more complex set of factors than simply
onset of incubation and appears to be constrained by circumstances at the onset of incubation rather than to be an adaptive
strategy. Thus, factors acting both during offspring rearing and at the onset of incubation need to be considered for a better
understanding of hatching asynchrony. 相似文献
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Niapour Ali Miran Mansour Seyedasli Naisana Norouzi Firouz 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(9):22413-22429
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Abnormal angiogenesis contributes to the pathogenesis of various diseases. The medicinal usage of Agrostemma githago L. seed (A. githago herein) has... 相似文献
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Filipić Arijana Primc Gregor Zaplotnik Rok Mehle Nataša Gutierrez-Aguirre Ion Ravnikar Maja Mozetič Miran Žel Jana Dobnik David 《Food and environmental virology》2019,11(3):220-228
Food and Environmental Virology - While one of the biggest problems we are facing today is water scarcity, enormous quantities of water are still being used in irrigation. If contaminated, this... 相似文献
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Miran Kim Jungeun Son Mi Seon Park Yurim Ji Soomin Chae Changduk Jun Jong-Sup Bae Taek Kyu Kwon Yun-Sik Choo Hosung Yoon Duhak Yoon Jaewoong Ryoo Sang-Hyun Kim Mae-Ja Park Hyun-Shik Lee 《Chemosphere》2013
Perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) are environmental toxicants that persistently accumulate in human blood. Their widespread detection and accumulation in the environment raise concerns about whether these chemicals might be developmental toxicants and teratogens in ecosystem. We evaluated and compared the toxicity of PFCs of containing various numbers of carbon atoms (C8–11 carbons) on vertebrate embryogenesis. We assessed the developmental toxicity and teratogenicity of various PFCs. The toxic effects on Xenopus embryos were evaluated using different methods. We measured teratogenic indices (TIs), and investigated the mechanisms underlying developmental toxicity and teratogenicity by measuring the expression of organ-specific biomarkers such as xPTB (liver), Nkx2.5 (heart), and Cyl18 (intestine). All PFCs that we tested were found to be developmental toxicants and teratogens. Their toxic effects were strengthened with increasing length of the fluorinated carbon chain. Furthermore, we produced evidence showing that perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFuDA) are more potent developmental toxicants and teratogens in an animal model compared to the other PFCs we evaluated [perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)]. In particular, severe defects resulting from PFDA and PFuDA exposure were observed in the liver and heart, respectively, using whole mount in situ hybridization, real-time PCR, pathologic analysis of the heart, and dissection of the liver. Our studies suggest that most PFCs are developmental toxicants and teratogens, however, compounds that have higher numbers of carbons (i.e., PFDA and PFuDA) exert more potent effects. 相似文献
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Miran Kim Kiyun Park Jin Young Park Inn-Sil Kwak 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(3):2221-2230
The objectives of this study were to determine levels of heavy metal in the feathers and blood of Black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris), to evaluate metallothionein (MT) mRNA level in Black-tailed gulls on three independent islets, and to examine the correlation between heavy metal concentrations and MT mRNA expression. Eleven heavy metals (Al, Cd, Mn, Pb, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Hg, and As) were investigated in blood and feathers of 65 chicks from breeding colonies (Seomando, Hongdo, and Dokdo islet) of South Korea in 2010. Heavy metals were assayed by PerkinElmer NexION 300 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The mean concentrations of non-essential heavy metals were found to blood containing Cd (0.002?~?0.02 ppm), Pb (0.06?~?0.18) ppm, Hg (0.03?~?0.05) ppm, and As (0.26?~?0.48 ppm), and feather containing Cd (0.05?~?0.30 ppm), Pb (2.47?~?10.80 ppm), Hg (1.18?~?1.57 ppm), and As (0.15?~?0.44 ppm). Chicks on Seomando islet showed the highest levels of metals (Cd, Pb, Mn, Cr, Cu, and Se in blood; Al, As, Mn, Cr, Fe, Cu, and Se in feathers) among the colonies. Concentrations of Pb and Hg in feathers were the highest on Hongdo, and the levels of Cd and Zn in feathers were the highest on Dokdo islet. MT mRNA in the blood of Black-tailed gulls was relatively higher in gulls from Seomando than in gulls from Hongdo and Dokdo islet. MT mRNA level is thus positively correlated to heavy metal concentrations in Black-tailed gulls. 相似文献
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Marc?T.?Jolly Miran?W.?Aprahamian Stephen?J.?Hawkins Peter?A.?Henderson Rob?Hillman Niall?O’Maoiléidigh Peter?S.?Maitland Rayner?Piper Martin?J.?GennerEmail author 《Marine Biology》2012,159(3):675-687
Determining the magnitude of homing behaviour within migratory fish species is essential for their conservation and management.
We tested for population genetic structuring in the anadromous alosines, Alosa alosa and A. fallax fallax, to establish fidelity of stocks to spawning grounds in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Considerable genetic differences
were present among populations of both species, suggesting strong fidelity to breeding grounds and compatible with homing
to natal origins. Moreover, the genetic structure of A. fallax fallax showed a clear pattern of isolation-by-distance, consistent with breeding populations exchanging migrants primarily with
neighbouring populations. Spatial genetic differences were on average much greater than temporal differences, indicating relatively
stable genetic structure. Comparing anadromous A. fallax fallax populations to the landlocked Killarney shad subspecies, A. fallax killarnensis (Ireland), demonstrated a long history of separation. These results demonstrating regional stock structure within the British
Isles will inform practical management of stocks and their spawning habitats. 相似文献
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