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The in utero course of the anemic fetus has improved dramatically, owing to early diagnosis and cordocentesis transfusion. In utero invasive procedures such as amnio- and cordocentesis have become important modalities in the evaluation and treatment of anemic fetuses. However, they carry risks for both the mother and fetus. A valid and sensitive noninvasive means of following the anemic fetus is the evaluation of changes in the middle cerebral artery peak systolic flow velocity (MCA-PSV). This is a sensitive tool for both the evaluation of fetal anemia and response to treatment. Intracerebral vessels respond earliest to the fetal anemic state, and are readily accessible for ultrasound examination. We describe the methodology and evolving clinical applications of MCA-PSV measurement in the fetus, through an overview of the literature describing the development and application of MCA-PSV measurement in fetuses at risk of fetal anemia of various immune and nonimmune etiologies, illustrated by index cases from our center. MCA-PSV measurement is essential in the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of cases of fetal anemia. The use of this modality lessens the need for invasive procedures. The method is readily accessible and should be integrated into the repertoire of all obstetric ultrasound centers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Hatam Godini Abbas Rezaee Ali Khavanin Afshin Nili Ahmadabadi Sayedomid Rastegar Hooshyar Hossini 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(1):283-287
The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a microbial biopolymer produced by Acetobacter xylinum as a carbon source for heterotrophic biological denitrification. The denitrification rate, COD availability and nitrite concentration
were response parameters. Under the experimental conditions, a denitrification rate of about 0.74 kg NO3
−N/m3d at 6 h retention time was achieved with microbial cellulose (MC). The reactor effluent contained significantly COD concentrations
(20–86 mg/L) so it was not carbon limited, and was receiving enough carbon to facilitate the denitrification process. The
maximum nitrite concentration in the effluent was found to be 0.4 mg/L. However, decreasing the retention time to 3 h significantly
reduced the efficiency. It can be concluded that the MC is a suitable carbon source for nitrate removal in a heterotrophic
biological denitrification process. 相似文献
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Azizi Jalilian Farid Poormohammadi Ali Teimoori Ali Ansari Nastaran Tarin Zahra Ghorbani Shahna Farshid Azarian Ghasem Leili Mostafa Samarghandi Mohammadreza Motaghed Mahyar Nili Ahmadabadi Amir Hassanvand Mohammad Sadegh 《Food and environmental virology》2022,14(2):190-198
Food and Environmental Virology - Side by side air sampling was conducted using a PTFE filter membrane as dry sampler and an impinger containing a suitable culture medium as a wet sampler. Most of... 相似文献
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Organisms are exposed to natural radiations from cosmic or terrestrial origins. Furthermore the combined action of radiation with various chemicals is an inevitable feature of modern life. Radiation is known to cause cell death, mainly due to its ability to produce reactive oxygen species in cells. N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) is a well-known sulfhydryl-containing antioxidant whose role in radioprotection has been reported. Synergistic effects of radiation and mercury chloride on human cells was previously reported by the authors. Based on the previous report, this study was designed to assess the synergistic effects of radiation and mercury chloride on fish hepatoma cells, as well as to investigate the protective effects of NAC on the cells. The cytotoxicity of radiation was enhanced in the presence of mercury chloride. NAC in lower concentrations prevented cells from death after irradiation with lower doses (<300 Gy) while it did not prevent cells from radiation-induced death after irradiation with higher doses (300, 500 Gy). The intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels significantly decreased after irradiation while the combined treatment of NAC and radiation alleviated the decrease in the GSH levels. The investigations give a clue for the action mechanism of synergistic or protective effects of NAC on the cells. Due to their high resistance to ionizing radiation, the PLHC-1 cells can be effectively used as a screening tool for assessing the combined effects of radiation with toxic chemicals. 相似文献
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