Intra-specific variations of two Leymus chinensis divergence populations in Songnen Plain, northeast China

Population demography, seed production, biomassallocation, net photosynthesis and transpiration of two Leymus chinensis divergence populations and between two years in Songnenplain, northeast China were compared. Strong differences betweenthe dry 1997 and moist 1998 occurred in vegetative shoot and sexualshoot densities, sexual differentiation and tiller densities, aswell as in the lengths of inflorescence, seed numbers perinflorescence, seed weights and biomass allocation in eachpopulation respectively (P<0.01). While strong differences betweenthe two populations occurred in vegetative shoot densities, sexualshoot densities, sexual differentiation and seed weights in eachyear (P<0.01). The differences between the two populations intiller densities and in biomass allocation to sexual shoots were significant (P<0.05). But there were no significant differences between the two populations in the lengths of inflorescence, seed numbers per inflorescence and biomass allocation to rhizomes and vegetative shoots (P>0.05). Excepting the transpiration rate in the early June, the differences between the two populations in net photosynthesis and transpiration rate of vegetative shoots and sexual shoots were strongly significant in the early June and July respectively (P<0.01). Relative stable variations in population demography and physiological traits between the two populations indicated that they are divergently in the Songnen Plain.     

磁粉在一级强化混凝中的试验研究

在一级强化混凝实验的基础上.研究了磁粉的加入对强化混凝沉淀效果的影响,并确定出最佳温度的范围和最佳加药量.通过大量的试验证明了磁粉的加入对混凝沉淀有很强的促进作用,在一定程度上提高了出水的水质.     

Variations of plant life form diversity along the Northeast China Transect and its direct gradient analysis

Plant life form diversity and its direct gradient analysis on a larger scale climate change gradient were tested, based on the data from Northeast China Transect platform. The results showed that the species numbers, life form richness and life form diversity were relative higher at the eastern forests and the ecotone between typical vegetation, while those on the meadow grasslands and typical steppes were lower.Although plant life forms can reflect the climate variations, life form diversity is not consistent with the major global gradient along the NECT.     

广州市不同区域水稻质量状况及其污染源探讨

根据1999年度对部分水稻质量监测结果,认为产品质量为重污染级这一问题,于2001年再选择一些监测点开展水稻质量、生产环境质量监测和评价。结果表明,2001年度水稻质量仍存在受污染问题,污染因子为氟化物、铅、镉和汞,大气污染为主要原因,其次为水质污染。     

改进式开顶气室模拟CO2浓度控制系统性能分析

为提高开顶气室（open-top chamber,OTC）模拟气候变化研究植物生理响应的控制效果,基于前期OTC控制系统基础,对气室结构、控制系统及监测系统改进升级。对改进后的OTC控制系统采集了试验期间5月—10月OTC气室内CO₂浓度、温度及空气相对湿度实时数据分析模拟效果,结果表明：改进后的OTC控制系统能够控制CO₂浓度达到试验预设浓度梯度,在试验期OTC气室内监测的CO₂浓度平均值对照组（CK）为369.33 μmol?mol^?1,处理1组（TR1）为558.35 μmol?mol^?1,处理2组（TR2）为772.71 μmol?mol^?1;CO₂浓度波动范围TR1组为551.82—572.40 μmol?mol^?1,变幅为20.58 μmol?mol^?1;TR2组为756.71—779.79 μmol?mol^?1,变幅为23.08 μmol?mol^?1,满足试验预设模拟要求;气室内不同处理间温度、空气相对湿度差异均不显著（p＞0.05）。改进后的OTC控制系统模拟效果好,可用于研究植物响应气候变化的模拟试验。     

溃坝后果严重程度评价模型研究

为了建立溃坝严重程度综合评价的定量模型,依据现行法规,采用建立数学模型的方法,分别分析并提出了决定大坝溃决后果严重性的3个主要影响因子(生命损失、经济损失和社会环境影响)的严重程度系数及其对数非线性和对数线性评价模型,构造了溃坝后果严重程度的综合评价模型.依据该模型,定量分析了5座水库大坝溃坝的严重性,给出了判别严重程度的定量指标.     

Variations of plant life form diversity along northeast China transect and its direct gradient analysis

Plant life form diversity and its direct gradientanalysis on a larger scale climate change gradient were tested,based on the data from Northeast China transect platform. Theresults showed that the species numbers, life form richness andlife form diversity were relative higher at the eastern forests andthe ecotone between typical vegetation, while those on the meadowgrasslands and typical steppes were lower. Although plant lifeforms can reflect the climate variations, life form diversity isnot consistent with the major global gradient along the NECT.     

城镇蔓延与滞留型城镇化人口

在以政府主导为特征的城镇化进程中,我国形成了有别于西方城市蔓延概念的城镇蔓延。在户籍制度以及经济发展水平的制约下,政府主导的城乡空间转化,将造成其中人口城乡身份识别的困难。本文通过构建一个人口聚集与城市空间增长的动态均衡模型来研究政府推动下的城镇空间扩张对人口的影响。研究发现,在城镇蔓延中除了造成城镇空间的扩张,还产生两类"半"城镇化人口:滞留型城镇化人口和未市民化的进入型城镇人口。与"离土离乡"的进入型城镇人口不同,滞留型城镇人口"不离土不离乡"却由于生存空间划分为城镇地区而成为城镇常住人口。利用人口普查数据对改革开放以来农业户籍人口在城镇地区的变动规模进行分解,发现因为城镇蔓延而产生的的滞留型城镇化人口规模超过进入型城镇化人口,成为农业户籍城镇化中最大群体,且该类人口主要集中在镇区。对这类人口的忽视,将对理解我国城镇进程及其作用产生偏差。而城镇蔓延造成的复杂人口结构需要社会重新考虑我国城镇化进程。而城镇化从空间管理向人口管理、率先解决滞留型城镇人口的城镇化问题以及严格控制小城镇土地城镇化现象,将推进我国城镇化健康发展。     

水库大坝的社会与环境风险标准研究

对水库大坝进行风险评价时,涉及生命风险、经济风险及社会与环境风险标准.目前国际上关于社会与环境风险标准仍为空白.本文对社会与环境影响要素进行量化,再综合成社会与环境影响指数,并结合我国国情,借用F-N线法初步确定了我国的社会与环境风险标准.沙河集等6座水库的初步应用结果表明,该风险标准及其确定方法基本合理可行,可用于水库大坝风险评价.