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Flight performance is undoubtedly an important factor for behavioral success in flying insects. Though it is well-known that
the flight performance is influenced by body temperature and body size, the relative importance of these factors is not well-understood.
We performed laboratory experiments using the male-polymorphic damselfly Mnais costalis with larger territorial males and smaller non-territorial males in a population. We analyzed the effects of body temperature
and body size, measured as the thoracic temperature and left hind-wing length, respectively, on two indices of flight performance:
maximum lifting force and size-corrected lifting force. The latter is an index of acceleration that is related to aerial agility.
The results showed that higher body temperature produced both larger maximum lifting force and larger size-corrected lifting
force. In contrast, while larger size produced a larger maximum lifting force, it produced a lower size-corrected lifting
force. The results of field measurements showed that territorial males had variable thoracic temperatures depending on the
insolation in their territories. In contrast, non-territorial males had less variable and generally higher thoracic temperatures
than territorial males as they are mostly found in sunny spots. Until now, the influence of body temperature on behavioral
performance has remained unclear although considerable studies have suggested such influence. We showed, here, for the first
time, combined effects of body size and body temperature on flight performance. We also showed that body temperature was influenced
by the mating strategies of a damselfly. These findings provide new insights into the cost and benefits of territorial behavior
in ectothermic animals. 相似文献
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We investigated the water-soluble arsenic compounds present in the soft tissues of both the pearl-free and the pearl-containing pearl oysters. After dividing the soft tissue into five parts, i.e., adductor muscle, foot, mantle, viscera and gill, each part was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the arsenic compounds accumulated in it. Arsenic concentration of each tissue part ranged from 22.1 to 45.7 microg g(-1) of dry tissue in the pearl-free pearl oyster and from 27.4 to 50.4 microg g(-1) of dry tissue in the pearl-containing pearl oyster. On the grounds of the present evidence the major water-soluble arsenic compound accumulated in each part was identified as arsenobetaine without exception in both types of pearl oysters (94.3-99.7% in the pearl-free pearl oyster and 87.2-99.7% in the pearl-containing pearl oyster). Trace or small amounts of arsenic compounds including tetramethylarsonium ion and arsenocholine were also detected in some parts. The levels of these minor arsenicals were a little higher in pearl-free pearl oyster than in the pearl-containing pearl oyster. This study confirms the hygienic safety of the soft tissues of both the pearl-free and the pearl-containing pearl oysters, as food. 相似文献
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当今保护人类健康安全日益受到社会普遍重视,头部安全是摩托车乘员的首要问题。摩托车头盔防护依然十分重要;国际上其标准修定较快并不断完善;通过对TBT通报,头盔安全类发明专利等数据分析,得出摩托车头盔的技术研发高峰近期爆发。 相似文献
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Dimethylamine was found to be nitrosated photochemically in aqueous solution containing nitrite both by the irradiation with a high pressure mercury lamp and by the exposure to sunlight to give nitrosodimethylamine, a well-known carcinogen. The nitrosation occurred more readily at alkaline pH than at acidic and neutral pH. These findings suggest that nitrosodimethylamine is produced photochemically under natural environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Yuka Ogata Tomonori Ishigaki Yoshitaka Ebie Noppharit Sutthasil Chayanid Witthayaphirom Chart Chiemchaisri Masato Yamada 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(4):1961-1968
In tropical regions, landfill leachate contamination at municipal solid waste disposal sites is a critical issue because of the large volume of highly contaminated leachate formed during the rainy season. We evaluated the efficacy of constructed wetlands (CWs) with the ability to reduce the water volume and pollutant levels to reduce leachate contamination compared to the most commonly used treatment system, stabilization ponds, based on parameters obtained in a field experiment in Thailand. The simulation indicated that CWs had a higher potential to reduce the water volume than stabilization ponds over the course of a year. Scenario evaluations under varying initial water depths, system depths, and area sizes indicated that the CWs could reduce the treatment area to prevent overflow and leachate pollution. In addition, the CWs were estimated to reduce the leachate amount and pollution by 83–100% and 92–99%, respectively. When there is limited land available, deeper CWs can be used to sustainably prevent contamination from leachate overflow. Effectively designed CW systems may be valuable for both reducing the required area and the contamination; therefore, CWs are a promising option for sustainable landfill leachate treatment systems in developing tropical regions. 相似文献
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Hanioka N Takahara Y Takahara Y Tanaka-Kagawa T Jinno H Narimatsu S 《Chemosphere》2012,89(9):1112-1117
Diester phthalates are industrial chemicals used primarily as plasticizers to import flexibility to polyvinylchloride plastics. In this study, we examined the hydrolysis of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in human liver microsomes. These diester phthalates were hydrolyzed to monoester phthalates (mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) from DBP, mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) from BBzP, and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP)) by human liver microsomes. DBP, BBzP and DEHP hydrolysis showed sigmoidal kinetics in V-[S] plots, and the Hill coefficient (n) ranged 1.37-1.96. The S50, Vmax and CLmax values for DBP hydrolysis to MBP were 99.7 μM, 17.2 nmol min−1 mg−1 protein and 85.6 μL min−1 mg−1 protein, respectively. In BBzP hydrolysis, the values of S50 (71.7 μM), Vmax (13.0 nmol min−1 mg−1 protein) and CLmax (91.3 μL min−1 mg−1 protein) for MBzP formation were comparable to those of DBP hydrolysis. Although the S50 value for MBP formation was comparable to that of MBzP formation, the Vmax and CLmax values were markedly lower (<3%) than those for MBzP formation. The S50, Vmax and CLmax values for DEHP hydrolysis were 8.40 μM, 0.43 nmol min−1 mg−1 protein and 27.5 μL min−1 mg−1 protein, respectively. The S50 value was about 10% of DBP and BBzP hydrolysis, and the Vmax value was also markedly lower (<3%) than those for DBP hydrolysis and MBzP formation for BBzP hydrolysis. The ranking order of CLmax values for monoester phthalate formation in DBP, BBzP and DEHP hydrolysis was BBzP to MBzP ? DBP to MBP > DEHP to MEHP > BBzP to MBP. These findings suggest that the hydrolysis activities of diester phthalates by human liver microsomes depend on the chemical structure, and that the metabolism profile may relate to diester phthalate toxicities, such as hormone disruption and reproductive effects. 相似文献
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Ogata Yuka Ishigaki Tomonori Ebie Yoshitaka Sutthasil Noppharit Witthayaphirom Chayanid Chiemchaisri Chart Yamada Masato 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(4):2163-2163
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In the original publication of the article, Eq. 5 was published incorrectly. The correct equation is given below. 相似文献