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The purpose of this study has been to verify the efficient full-scale applicability of glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) for excess biological carbon removal, that is, for removing more carbon substrate than the amount of available nutrients would allow in the conventional activated sludge process of microbial growth. This aims to cost-effectively overcome the problem of viscous bulking occurring in a fully aerated system, with nutrient deficiency. Analytical data measured at the wastewater treatment plant of the Balatonboglár (BB) winery in Balatonboglár, Hungary, containing consecutive unaerated and aerated activated sludge basins, reflected a high performance with efficient carbon removal and good sludge settling, without dosing any external nutrient source to the severely nitrogen- and phosphorous-deficient influent. Supplementary laboratory-scale batch experiments and microbiological tests verified the abundance of GAOs in the activated sludge system and elucidated their role in efficient excess biological carbon removal.  相似文献   
2.
The acute and sub-chronic effects of four cytostatic drugs—5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin (CisPt), etoposide (ET) and imatinib mesylate (IM)—on zebrafish (Danio rerio) were investigated. Acute tests were carried out in a static system in accordance with the OECD guideline 203 for adult fish and the draft guideline for fish embryos (FET test) in order to find the LC50 values of the four cytostatic drugs. Early-life stage toxicity test on zebrafish was conducted according the OECD guideline 210 using the cytostatic drugs 5-FU and IM in a semistatic system with the objective of investigating the sub-chronic effects of the cytostatic drugs on fish. In adult fish, the cytostatic drugs 5-FU and ET did not pass the limit test, thus, are considered non-toxic. In case of cisplatin, LC50 was calculated at 64.5 mg L?1, whereas in case of IM, LC50 was at 70.8 mg L?1. In the FET test, LC50 of 5-FU at 72-h post fertilization (hpf) was 2441.6 mg L?1. In case of CisPt, LC50 was 349.9 mg L?1 at 48 hpf and it progressively decreased to 81.3 mg L?1 at 120 hpf. In addition, CisPt caused a significant delay in the hatch of larvae. In case of ET, LC50 values were not calculable as they were higher than 300 mg L?1 at which concentration the substance crystallized in the solution. LC50 values of IM were 48 hpf; 158.3 mg L?1 , 72 hpf; 141.6 mg L?1, 96 hpf; 118.0 mg L?1, and 120 hpf; 65.9 mg L?1. In the Early-life Stage Test with 5-FU, embryonic deformities were not detected during the tests. Regarding mortalities, the 10 mg L?1 concentration can be considered as LOEC, as statistically significant difference in mortalities was detected in this group alone. Concerning dry body weight and standard length, 1 mg L?1 is the LOEC. In case of IM, the highest tested concentration (10 mg L?1) can be considered LOEC for mortalities, however, the treatment did not have an effect on the other investigated parameters (dry and wet weight, standard length). All four cytostatic drugs were characterized by low toxicity in zebrafish in acute and sub-chronic tests.  相似文献   
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Environmental Chemistry Letters - Non-biodegradable plastics are continually amassing landfills and oceans worldwide while creating severe environmental issues and hazards to animal and human...  相似文献   
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