包裹块石煤固氟燃料制备工艺研究

石灰或烧制白云岩与粘土、低氟无烟煤粉作为包裹材料，通过正交试验方法，对陕西省紫阳县蒿坪镇高氟块状石煤进行了固氟效果研究。结果表明，影响包裹石煤固氟效果的主要因素是无烟煤粉和石灰，影响顺序是无烟煤粉〉石灰〉粘土。最佳制备工艺条件为石煤块：无烟煤粉：石灰：粘土=70：10：10：5，固氟率达91．9％。     

Selenium and hazardous elements distribution in plant–soil–water system and human health risk assessment of Lower Cambrian,Southern Shaanxi,China

The natural selenium poisoning due to toxic Se levels in food chain had been observed in humans and animals in Lower Cambrian outcrop areas in Southern Shaanxi, China. To find out the distribution pattern of selenium and other hazardous elements in the plant, soil and water of Lower Cambrian in Southern Shaanxi, China, and their possible potential health risk, a total of 30 elements were analyzed and the health risk assessment of 18 elements was calculated. Results showed that the soil, plant and natural water of Lower Cambrian all had relatively high Se levels. In Lower Cambrian, the soil was enriched with Se, As, Ba, Cu, Mo, Ni, Zn, Ga, Cd and Cr (1.68 < I_geo < 4.48, I_geo; geo-accumulation index). In same plants, the contents of Se, Cd and Zn (except Cd in corn and rice, Zn in potato and corn) of Lower Cambrian were higher than that of the other strata. Ba and Ga in natural water were higher than that of the other strata, while K and Cs were opposite. The health risk assessment results showed that the people living in outcrop areas of Lower Cambrian had both high total non-carcinogenic risk of 18 elements (HI = 16.12, acceptable range: < 1) and carcinogenic risk of As (3.98E−04, acceptable range: 10⁻⁶–10⁻⁴). High contents of Se, As, Mo and Tl of Lower Cambrian may pose a health risk to local people, and food intake was the major pathway. For minimizing potential health risk, the local inhabitants should use the mix-imported food with local growing foods.

     

冶炼厂粗铅生产线废气治理技术研究

文章从治理工艺、主要设备、设计指标、工程运行监测结果及经济指标等方面,介绍了某冶炼厂采用除尘、SO2烟气制酸及脱硫工艺治理烧结机-鼓风炉粗铅生产线产生的废气,从实际监测结果可知该工程运行稳定,废气中的各项污染物排放浓度均符合排放标准的要求,处理效果分别达到《工业炉窑大气污染物排放标准》(GB9078-1996)二级标准和《大气污染物综合排放标准》(GB16297-1996)周界外废气无组织排放限值的要求.     

分级燃烧中固体吸附剂对痕量金属排放的影响

在一维煤粉燃烧炉上进行了烟煤添加不同吸附剂的分级燃烧试验.试验过程中保持总的空气过剩系数a为1.20,分级风量占总风量的20%,炉内温度为1100℃左右.试验发现分级燃烧会增加亚微米颗粒排放,不利于对痕量重金属元素的控制,尤其对挥发性大的元素(如Cu和Ni)影响越明显.热力学计算也表明不同气氛下痕量元素的形态变化过程有很大差异,还原气氛下痕量元素会生成不稳定的次氧化物和还原性产物.固体吸附剂对煤中重金属的排放具有吸附作用,并且不同的吸附剂对不同的痕量元素的吸附效果各不相同,不分级时,对Co,Cr,Ni元素来说,高岭土的吸附效果最好;对Be元素,灰质白云石效果最好;CaO则对Cu元素的吸附效果最好.而在分级情况下,对元素Be,Cr,Ni,灰质白云石的效果最好;对Co和Cu,高岭土的吸附最好.     

Environmental behaviors of selenium in soil of typical selenosis area, China

Daba Mountain area is one of the two endemic selenosis areas in China,which may relate with the environmental behaviors of selenium (Se) in soil.This study focuses on the concentraion and distribution of Se and its relationships with some other elements in natural soil in the area.The average concentration of Se in Daba Mountain soils was 14.3 times higher than the value cited for natural soil background worldwide,suggesting that soils in the region were contaminated by the element.The finding was confir...     

石煤暴露环境发氟分布规律及影响因子

为了探明石煤暴露环境中发氟含量的分布规律及影响因子,结合病情调查,采集发样进行元素含量测定.结果表明,石煤暴露环境发氟含量个体差异显著,呈非正态分布,平均值为67.08±64.68μg/g,变异系数为96.42%;发氟含量同Ca、Mn、Se的含量呈显著正相关,同Ti含量呈显著负相关;因子分析显示发氟含量分布除受体内生化反应控制外,与表生地球化学环境、膳食结构以及饮用水的水质等因子也密切相关.     

西安市燃煤中铅的排放量及其环境效应

为了研究燃煤过程中铅的排放量及其环境效应,对西安市燃煤电厂的原煤、底灰、飞灰的含铅量,采暖期燃煤锅炉的原煤和炉渣的含铅量,采暖期和非采暖期降尘的含铅量等进行了分析和测算.结果表明: 燃烧1 t含铅量为30 g左右的煤,排放到大气中的铅为20 g左右.燃煤中铅的排放率为66%左右.西安市及邻区每年工农业和民用燃煤1000万t左右,主要为渭北石炭-二叠系煤,含铅量为30 g/t左右,其每年排放到大气中的铅为200t左右.     

大巴山区早古生代地层和石煤中硒的化学活动性的初步研究

通过对大巴山区主要分布的早古生代地层中的碎屑岩，碳酸盐岩和石煤的原岩，风化岩，原生土壤的硒含量及其相关关系分析，及对南秦岭早古生代地层和石煤中硒的化学活动性进行了研究。结果表明：其岩石和石煤中的硒在地层环境下有较大的活动性，不同类型岩石中硒淋失率和硒的淋失量不同，富硒而淋失率低但淋失量高的下寒武统鲁家坪组和早志留世大贵坪组的炭质板岩和石煤的分布区土壤（主要为当地岩石的风化残积物）的含硒量可达10mg/kg，甚至更高，是大巴山的富硒带和硒中毒带，含硒低而且淋失率高的志留系砂岩和粉砂岩以及寒武系统砾屑灰岩分布区是大巴山区的低硒带。     

Fluoride content and distribution pattern in groundwater of eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou, China

For study, the fluoride (F) content and distribution pattern in groundwater of eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou fluorosis area in southwestern China, the F content of 93 water samples [groundwater (fissure water, cool spring, and hot springs), rivers water] and 60 rock samples were measured. The result shows the F content of the fissure water and cold spring water is 0.027–0.47 mg/L, and river water is 0.048–0.224 mg/L. The F content of hot spring water is 1.02–6.907 mg/L. The drinking water supplied for local resident is mainly from fissure water, cool spring, and river water. And the F content in all of them is much lower than the Chinese National Standard (1.0 mg/L), which is the safe intake of F in drinking water. The infected people in eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou fluorosis area have very little F intake from the drinking water. The hot spring water in fluorosis area of eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou, southwest China has high F content, which is not suitable for drinking.     

包裹块石煤固氟燃料制备工艺研究

以石灰或烧制白云岩与粘土、低氟无烟煤粉作为包裹材料,通过正交试验方法,对陕西省紫阳县蒿坪镇高氟块状石煤进行了固氟效果研究。结果表明,影响包裹石煤固氟效果的主要因素是无烟煤粉和石灰,影响顺序是无烟煤粉>石灰>粘土。最佳制备工艺条件为石煤块∶无烟煤粉∶石灰∶粘土=70∶10∶10∶5,固氟率达91.9%。