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Thomas Minning Darren A. Lytle Maily Pham Keith Kelty 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2015,187(6):383
Distinguishing between soluble and particulate lead in drinking water is useful in understanding the mechanism of lead release and identifying remedial action. Typically, particulate lead is defined as the amount of lead removed by a 0.45-μm filter. Unfortunately, there is little guidance regarding selection of filter membrane material and little consideration to the possibility of the sorption of dissolved lead to the filter. The objective of this work was to examine the tendency of 0.45-μm syringe filter materials to adsorb lead. Tests were performed with water containing 40 and 24 μg/L soluble lead at pH 7 buffered with 50 mg C/L dissolved inorganic concentration (DIC). The amounts of lead sorbed greatly varied by filter, and only two filter types, polypropylene and mixed cellulose esters, performed well and are recommended. Great care must be taken in choosing a filter when filtering soluble lead and interpreting filter results. 相似文献
3.
Bellmore JR Baxter CV Ray AM Denny L Tardy K Galloway E 《Environmental management》2012,49(3):734-750
Pre-restoration studies typically focus on physical habitat, rather than the food-base that supports aquatic species. However,
both food and habitat are necessary to support the species that habitat restoration is frequently aimed at recovering. Here
we evaluate if and how the productivity of the food-base that supports fish production is impaired in a dredge-mined floodplain
within the Yankee Fork Salmon River (YFSR), Idaho (USA); a site where past restoration has occurred and where more has been
proposed to help recover anadromous salmonids. Utilizing an ecosystem approach, we found that the dredged segment had comparable
terrestrial leaf and invertebrate inputs, aquatic primary producer biomass, and production of aquatic invertebrates relative
to five reference floodplains. Thus, the food-base in the dredged segment did not necessarily appear impaired. On the other
hand, we observed that off-channel aquatic habitats were frequently important to productivity in reference floodplains, and
the connection of these habitats in the dredged segment via previous restoration increased invertebrate productivity by 58%.
However, using a simple bioenergetic model, we estimated that the invertebrate food-base was at least 4× larger than present
demand for food by fish in dredged and reference segments. In the context of salmon recovery efforts, this observation questions
whether additional food-base productivity provided by further habitat restoration would be warranted in the YFSR. Together,
our findings highlight the importance of studies that assess the aquatic food-base, and emphasize the need for more robust
ecosystem models that evaluate factors potentially limiting fish populations that are the target of restoration. 相似文献
4.
Joseph Greco Robert O. Ezzell John H. Lytle 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):877-880
The objective of this paper is to describe the Tennessee Valley Authority's efforts and plans in designing an operating and maintenance program that will ensure maximum performance of the electrostatic precipitators at our power generating stations. Detailed operating and maintenance manuals are being prepared for each plant for the use of plant personnel. These manuals include instructions on operation, maintenance, and testing of the precipitators. Instructions on internal and external equipment inspections to be performed during unit operation, emergency and scheduled outages, and problem diagnostic procedures are included to help the plant personnel solve problem areas. Performance curves are included in the manuals which show the effect of gas volume flow, gas temperature, gas resistivity, coal changes, and loss of transformer-rectifier sets on the precipitator performance. In addition, opacity monitors that record continuous opacity readings are being installed at all our plants to assist the plant in monitoring precipitator performance. Full-time operating and maintenance crews are being organized at the plants to monitor and maintain the precipitator and ash-removal systems. Also, a staff of technical personnel is being organized at the central office to provide technical advice and assistance in design, operation, and maintenance problems and liaison and coordination for all the plants concerning the precipitators. Periodic precipitator field inspections, performance and operating parameter optimization testing, and review of the equipment operating logs are made by the central office technical personnel. Recommendations and technical assistance are then furnished to the plant with regard to the precipitator overall performance and operating characteristics. 相似文献
5.
以著名钢铁企业上海宝钢为例,基于厂区植被调查、航片数字化解释、优势种生物量测定及模型建立,对宝钢厂区植被碳储量和固碳能力进行估算,并通过碳税法对其固碳效益进行评价,以期为城市工业区绿地群落配置和绿化树种选择、企业绿化建设的费用效益分析提供更为科学的依据。结果表明:宝钢厂区植被总碳储量为3992.99~4736.17 t,固碳效益为13507.33~16185.85万元;平均碳密度为45.82~53.27 t/hm2,固碳能力为5.91~6.87t/(hm2.a),高于上海城市森林平均值,但小于中国森林平均值,一定程度上受平均胸径、郁闭度及群落密度等因素影响。厂区在进行绿化建设时,应考虑选择防污且固碳能力强的植物,构建防污固碳兼有型群落,发挥植被的多元功能。 相似文献
6.
Previous work has shown that arsenic can accumulate in drinking water distribution system (DWDS) solids (Lytle et~al., 2004) when arsenic is present in the water. The release of arsenic back into the water through particulate transport and/or
chemical release (e.g. desorption, dissolution) could result in elevated arsenic levels at the consumers' tap. The primary
objective of this work was to examine the impact of pH and orthophosphate on the chemical release (i.e. desorption) of arsenic
from nine DWDS solids collected from utilities located in the Midwest. Arsenic release comparisons were based on the examination
of arsenic and other water quality parameters in leach water after contact with the solids over the course of 168~hours. Results
showed that arsenic was released from solids and suggested that arsenic release was a result of desorption rather than dissolution.
Arsenic release generally increased with increasing initial arsenic concentration in the solid and increasing pH levels (in
the test range of 7 to 9). Finally, orthophosphate (3 and 5 mg PO4/L) increased arsenic release at all pH values examined. Based on the study results, utilities with measurable levels of arsenic
present in their water should be aware that some water quality changes can cause arsenic release in the DWDS potentially resulting
in elevated levels at the consumer's tap. 相似文献
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8.
Thirty-six samples of benthic algae were collected from the continental shelf along the eastern Gulf of Mexico. The algae contain 82.8±143 ppm aliphatic hydrocarbons by dry weight and 11.8±22.7 ppm aromatic and polyolefinic hydrocarbons. The aliphatic constituents of red algae are composed almost entirely of n-C17 (70 to 95% of aliphatic weight); green algae have varying amounts of n-alkanes in the range of n-C15 to n-C19, with homologous series of odd carbon number n-alkenes. Phytadienes occur as high as 740 ppm dry weight in the green algae and do not appear to be related to time or place of collection or to presence of any petroleum pollutants. The single brown algal species contains predominantly n-C15. About 30% of the samples have hydrocarbons resembling degraded petroleum residues, but no petroleum pollution of recent origin was detected in any specimen. 相似文献
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10.
园林绿化树种香樟叶片的含硫量动态分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
植物对一定浓度范围内的大气污染物,具有一定程度的抵抗及吸收净化作用。为了解南京市主要园林绿化树种香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)叶片吸收净化SO2的能力,选择在5个不同污染靶区,以3个不同胸径级的香樟叶片为研究对象,采用硫酸钡比浊法测定了不同季节香樟叶片的含硫量。结果表明:香樟叶片对SO2具有一定的吸收净化能力,其叶片含硫量平均为0.2160%,且其含量随分布区、生长季节及个体胸径不同差异显著;并与异域大气中SO2污染指数成一定的正相关;与个体胸径大小成显著负相关;季节间呈现出"先降后升再降"的动态趋势,于春秋季较高,而夏冬季较低。 相似文献