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Environmental Chemistry Letters - The excessive use of the metribuzin herbicide is contaminating groundwater and damaging non-target plants and organisms. There is therefore a need for safer... 相似文献
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Marjan P. Hagenzieker 《Journal of Safety Research》1992,23(4):199-206
During a nationwide campaign to promote safety belt use among military personnel, a field study was conducted at 12 military bases in the Netherlands. Enforcement and incentive programs were varied among military bases. A written survey was administered to personnel of these bases. The survey contained items concerning reported belt use, motivation to use a safety belt, attitudes toward legislation, public information, enforcement and incentive strategies, and awareness of the campaign. The results showed that enforcement was clearly a better accepted countermeasure than rewarding drivers for the use of safety belts. Respondents from bases exposed to the incentive treatment tend to have relatively more positive opinions of incentives than those exposed to the enforcement treatment. Two independent dimensions were present in the response patterns: one representing opinions of enforcement and the other of incentives/rewards. 相似文献
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Joke Muys Yves Jacquemyn Bettina Blaumeiser Laura Bourlard Nathalie Brison Saskia Bulk Patrizia Chiarappa Anne De Leener Marjan De Rademaeker Julie Désir Anne Destrée Koenraad Devriendt Annelies Dheedene Armelle Duquenne Annelies Fieuw Erik Fransen Jean-Stéphane Gatot Mauricette Jamar Sandra Janssens Jorien Kerstjens Kathelijn Keymolen Damien Lederer Björn Menten Bruno Pichon Sonia Rombout Yves Sznajer Ann Van Den Bogaert Kris Van Den Bogaert Joris Vermeesch Katrien Janssens 《黑龙江环境通报》2020,40(10):1272-1283
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Joke Muys Bettina Blaumeiser Yves Jacquemyn Claude Bandelier Nathalie Brison Saskia Bulk Patrizia Chiarappa Winnie Courtens Anne De Leener Marjan De Rademaeker Julie Désir Anne Destrée Koenraad Devriendt Annelies Dheedene Annelies Fieuw Erik Fransen Jean-Stéphane Gatot Philip Holmgren Mauricette Jamar Sandra Janssens Kathelijn Keymolen Damien Lederer Björn Menten Marije Meuwissen Benoit Parmentier Bruno Pichon Sonia Rombout Yves Sznajer Ann Van Den Bogaert Kris Van Den Bogaert Olivier Vanakker Joris Vermeesch Katrien Janssens 《黑龙江环境通报》2018,38(13):1120-1128
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Little is known about physiological costs of rapid growth. We successfully generated compensatory growth to time stress and transient food stress in the damselfly Lestes viridis and studied the physiological correlates of the resulting reduced ability to cope with starvation. We found evidence for both mechanisms proposed to underlie the physiological trade-off: compensatory growth was associated with (1) a higher metabolic rate, as indicated by a higher oxygen consumption and a faster depletion of energy storage molecules (glycogen and triglycerides), and (2) a smaller investment in energy storage. The former may also explain why storage molecules after emergence were negatively affected by time stress and food stress, despite the successful compensation before emergence. These deferred physiological costs of rapid growth have the potential to couple larval stresses to adult fitness irrespective of age and size at emergence, and they may partly explain why many animals do not show their maximum achievable growth rate. 相似文献
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Shoshtari-Yeganeh Bahareh Zarean Maryam Mansourian Marjan Riahi Roya Poursafa Parinaz Teiri Hakimeh Rafiei Nasim Dehdashti Bahare Kelishadi Roya 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(10):9435-9442
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aims to provide an overview of human studies on the association of exposure to phthalates and insulin resistance. We systematically... 相似文献
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László Z. Garamszegi Thorsten J. S. Balsby Ben D. Bell Marta Borowiec Bruce E. Byers Tudor Draganoiu Marcel Eens Wolfgang Forstmeier Paolo Galeotti Diego Gil Leen Gorissen Poul Hansen Helene M. Lampe Stefan Leitner Jan Lontkowski Laurent Nagle Erwin Nemeth Rianne Pinxten Jean-Marc Rossi Nicola Saino Aurélie Tanvez Russell Titus János Török Els Van Duyse Anders P. Møller 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2005,57(4):305-317
Repertoire size, the number of unique song or syllable types in the repertoire, is a widely used measure of song complexity in birds, but it is difficult to calculate this exactly in species with large repertoires. A new method of repertoire size estimation applies species richness estimation procedures from community ecology, but such capture-recapture approaches have not been much tested. Here, we establish standardized sampling schemes and estimation procedures using capture-recapture models for syllable repertoires from 18 bird species, and suggest how these may be used to tackle problems of repertoire estimation. Different models, with different assumptions regarding the heterogeneity of the use of syllable types, performed best for different species with different song organizations. For most species, models assuming heterogeneous probability of occurrence of syllables (so-called detection probability) were selected due to the presence of both rare and frequent syllables. Capture-recapture estimates of syllable repertoire size from our small sample did not differ significantly from previous estimates using larger samples of count data. However, the enumeration of syllables in 15 songs yielded significantly lower estimates than previous reports. Hence, heterogeneity in detection probability of syllables should be addressed when estimating repertoire size. This is neglected using simple enumeration procedures, but is taken into account when repertoire size is estimated by appropriate capture-recapture models adjusted for species-specific song organization characteristics. We suggest that such approaches, in combination with standardized sampling, should be applied in species with potentially large repertoire size. On the other hand, in species with small repertoire size and homogenous syllable usage, enumerations may be satisfactory. Although researchers often use repertoire size as a measure of song complexity, listeners to songs are unlikely to count entire repertoires and they may rely on other cues, such as syllable detection probability.Communicated by A. Cockburn 相似文献
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Bogusław Buszewski Tomasz Ligor Wojciech Filipiak Maria Teresa Vasconcelos Matevž Pompe Marjan Veber 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1):51-64
There is a dearth of data on the consumer product concentrations of iron, lead, and nickel for accurate comparison to be made. The levels of these elements were determined in 85 samples of six different classes of personal care products commonly used in Nigeria using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results of the analysis showed that the range of the mean concentrations of Fe was 0.485–1.108 ppm, Pb ND–0.163 ppm, and Ni ND-0.160 ppm. The analytical data have demonstrated that the selected consumer products are possible sources of iron, lead, and nickel exposure. Users can be exposed to these metals directly through dermal contact or inhalation. The regulations relating to cosmetic products give no limit values for heavy metals in cosmetic products, hence, it was difficult to establish if the values obtained in this study are safe or not. Prolonged use of soaps, creams, and detergent containing these elements may pose threat to human health and the environment. This could be responsible for various skin diseases such as allergic skin, follicular and pigmentary disorders, which are common among the users (exposed groups) of these products in Nigeria. A body of evidence has presented a rare example of systemic allergic dermatitis caused by topical application of a mercury-containing cosmetic to the upper lip of a 32-year-old Turkish patient. 相似文献