春节期间烟花爆竹燃放对乌鲁木齐市区PM2.5及其组分影响分析

为了解春节期间烟花爆竹燃放对乌鲁木齐市区PM2.5及其组分的影响,利用超级站在线监测仪器(包括颗粒物分析仪、在线离子色谱、激光雷达和重金属分析仪)对环境空气中的PM2.5浓度、颗粒物水溶性离子和重金属浓度进行连续监测.结果表明,大量烟花爆竹的集中燃放造成了PM2.5短时严重污染,最高质量浓度达到了423μg/m3.烟花...     

The impact of different voltage application modes on biodegradation of chloramphenicol and shift of microbial community structure

● Presented coupled system enhanced biodegradation of antibiotic chloramphenicol. ● HRT and electrical stimulation modes were key influencing factors. ● Electrical stimulation had little effect on the chloramphenicol metabolic pathway. ● Microbial community structure varied with the voltage application mode. Exoelectrogenic biofilms have received considerable attention for their ability to enhance electron transfer between contaminants and electrodes in bioelectrochemical systems. In this study, we constructed anaerobic-aerobic-coupled upflow bioelectrochemical reactors (AO-UBERs) with different voltage application modes, voltages and hydraulic retention times (HRTs). In addition, we evaluated their capacity to remove chloramphenicol (CAP). AO-UBER can effectively mineralize CAP and its metabolites through electrical stimulation when an appropriate voltage is applied. The CAP removal efficiencies were ~81.1%±6.1% (intermittent voltage application mode) and 75.2%±4.6% (continuous voltage application mode) under 0.5 V supply voltage, which were ~21.5% and 15.6% greater than those in the control system without voltage applied, respectively. The removal efficiency is mainly attributed to the anaerobic chamber. High-throughput sequencing combined with catabolic pathway analysis indicated that electrical stimulation selectively enriched Megasphaera, Janthinobacterium, Pseudomonas, Emticicia, Zoogloea, Cloacibacterium and Cetobacterium, which are capable of denitrification, dechlorination and benzene ring cleavage, respectively. This study shows that under the intermittent voltage application mode, AO-UBERs are highly promising for treating antibiotic-contaminated wastewater.     

新疆沙雅县不同植物类型农田环境中典型农药残留及其风险评价

为确定沙雅县不同植物类型所在农田环境中典型农药残留特征及潜在的人体健康和生态风险水平,于2020年9月29日采集了沙雅县9个区域的植物、土壤和水体样本共55个,采用气相色谱-质谱联用法对样品中47种典型农药赋存水平进行分析.结果表明,3种环境介质中共检出农药23种,土壤、植物和水体中农药检出范围分别为0~70.58 μg·kg^-1、0~1832.18 μg·kg^-1和0~188.53 μg·L^-1.沙雅县3种环境介质中农药残留水平表现为植物>水体>土壤的特征,从不同植物类型区域农药检出情况来看,位于县中心的P1、P2、P6和P8区域污染最为严重,对应区域中农药负荷水平较高的植物为棉花、核桃、红枣和白杨,且残留值贡献较高的7种农药分别为：六六六、毒死蜱、氯氟氰菊酯、氟胺氰菊酯、甲霜灵、苯醚甲环唑和腐霉利;对成人和儿童通过经口摄入、皮肤接触和呼吸吸入这3种途径暴露在土壤表层的农药中造成的人体健康风险进行评价,结果显示,3种方式中经口摄入作为主要暴露途径,且儿童的风险水平显著大于成年人,但两个年龄段风险水平处于可接受范围内;对蚯蚓在土壤中的生态风险水平进行评估,结果显示沙雅县单个农药对土壤中蚯蚓的潜在生态风险水平较低,联苯菊酯为最大贡献农药;对农药的联合作用进行生态风险评估,结果显示P1、P4、P7和P9区域处于中度风险,其他区域处于低风险等级,因此需限制研究区部分农药的使用.     

乌鲁木齐市郊农田土壤及农作物中多环芳烃的污染特征及风险评价

为了解土壤和农作物中PAHs的赋存情况,探究不同农作物对PAHs的富集能力和农作物不同部位中PAHs的分布特征,以乌鲁木齐周边农田种植的农作物和土壤为例,于2021年7月在乌鲁木齐市郊农田聚集区进行样品采集,共采集农作物样品100份,农作物种类达21种,表层土壤样品45份.结果表明,土壤和农作物中16种PAHs均被检出.农田土壤中ω(总PAHs)范围为19.06～1 870.86μg·kg^-1,平均值为127.40μg·kg^-1,7种致癌性PAHs占16种PAHs的42.85%～79.20%,其中BaP为土壤中主要污染物.经过特征比值法发现,土壤中PAHs的主要来源为生物质、煤等的燃烧.农作物中ω(总PAHs)范围为1.86～974.05μg·kg^-1,平均值为303.30μg·kg^-1.不同作物对PAHs的富集能力不同,在采集到的21种农作物中,南瓜体内的ω(PAHs)累计值最高(431.75μg·kg^-1).叶菜类作物中,叶片部位的PAHs含量高于根部和果实部位;果菜类作物...