Regional Consequences of Local Population Demography and Genetics in Relation to Habitat Management in Gentiana pneumonanthe

Abstract:  A joint demographic and population genetics stage-based model for a subdivided population was applied to Gentiana pneumonanthe , an early successional perennial herb, at a regional (metapopulation) scale. We used numerical simulations to determine the optimal frequency of habitat disturbance (sod cutting) and the intensity of gene flow among populations of G. pneumonanthe to manage both population viability and genetic diversity in this species. The simulations showed that even small populations that initially had near-equal allele frequencies could, if managed properly through sod cutting every 6 to 7 years, sustain their high genetic variation over the long run without gene flow. The more the allele frequencies in the small populations are skewed, however, the higher the probability that in the absence of gene flow, some alleles will be lost and within-population genetic variation will decrease even under proper management. This implies that although local population dynamics should be the major target for management, regional dynamics become important when habitat fragmentation and decreased population size lead to the loss of local genetic diversity. The recommended strategy to improve genetic composition of small populations is the introduction of seeds or seedlings of nonlocal origin.     

水处理高级氧化法活性物种生成机制及其技术特征分析

高级氧化技术（advanced oxidation processes,AOPs）因其具有氧化能力强、反应速率快、可提高废水的可生化性、二次污染少以及使用范围广等特点,在环境领域备受关注,已成功应用于废水中有毒有害、难降解污染物的预处理和深度处理。通过对相关文献进行较全面的统计与分析,梳理了水处理中典型AOPs的特征,着重阐述了活性物种的生成机制及其作用原理,分析技术过程的影响因素和优缺点,结合应用实例,强调各种技术在分解难降解污染物方面的特殊性与有效性,指出了在原理-技术-应用的多尺度结合方面,未来AOPs将为水处理领域带来更加广泛的学术空间与技术前景。