重点企业第三方环境管理核查模式初探及成效分析研究——以天津某区域为例

环境保护既处于大有作为的重要战略机遇期,又处于负重前行的关键期,新形势下群众对环保的期待不断提高,环境形势愈发严峻,环境监管压力加大,分析了新形势下开展环境管理第三方核查的必要性,介绍了政府购买服务及企业自主委托等两种现阶段可行的核查方式。总结归纳了第三方环境管理核查的重点内容,并以天津某典型区域为例,介绍了第三方环保核查的成效,分析了企业存在的典型突出环保问题及整改措施,并从区域环境保护管理的角度提出了建议。     

A new device for measuring fluctuations in plant stem diameter: Implications for monitoring plant responses

An electrical device capable of continuously measuring micronsized changes in stem diameter of woody and herbaceous plants is described. Fumigation of sunflowers with automotive exhaust was used to test the ability of the device to detect short-term plant responses.     

Efficient search procedures for extreme pollutant values

Extreme pollutant values are of great interest in water quality monitoring because of their frequent toxicological significance. The principal barrier to the detection of these values, however, is the cost of extensive and comprehensive monitoring. This paper demonstrates an efficient method to determine the maximum sample measurement from a finite set of sequential samples without explicitly testing them all. It is assumed that the process of sample measurement is distinct from collection and has higher costs. It is further assumed that the measurements have high positive autocorrelation.A methodology is presented based on a common industrial testing procedure referred to as composite sampling—the physical pooling or compositing of a set of sequential samples before measurement. A method known as primary first order compositing (PFOC) was found to be superior to the traditional technique of random sampling, particularly if small composite sizes are utilized.The authors are, respectively, operations research analyst, Vancouver, B. C.; Associate Professor and Chairman, Policy Analysis Division, Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration, University of British Columbia; and Associate Professor, Management Science Division, Faculty of Commerce, U.B.C.     

MERCURY EMISSION INVENTORY IN ONTARIO

Mercury is released to the environment from various anthropogenic and natural sources. This work is a compilation of mercury emissions from anthropogenic sources in Ontario, Canada. The goal of our study was to identify all sources of mercury, and develop an emission inventory of anthropogenic mercury in Ontario. The result of our investigation revealed that combustion of fossil fuels and emissions from landfill sites are two primary sources of mercury to the atmosphere. Other sources of significance are emissions from waste incinerators, various industrial activities, and cement production. Total mercury emission in Ontario is estimated as 4100 kg per year.     

Quantification of human amniotic fluid constituents by high resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy

We have investigated the ability of high-resolution proton NMR spectroscopy to provide a biochemical constituent screening of human amniotic fluid (AF). Proton NMR spectra were obtained at 300 MHz on AF from patients undergoing amniocentesis in the mid-trimester. Only AF from normal pregnancies (normal fetal karyotype, normal a-fetoprotein levels, normal birth outcome) was used in this study. The AF supernatant was lyophilized and resuspended in deuterated water containing 0.1 mm phosphate buffer and 6.02 mm disodium maleate. Identification of low molecular weight compounds was confirmed by two-dimensional NMR spectra (primarily correlated spectroscopy, or COSY) and standard addition techniques. A broad profile of compounds were ‘NMR visible’ in a single proton spectrum, including creatinine, glucose, organic acids (acetate, citrate, and lactate) and several amino acids (alanine, histidine, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and valine). The proton spectrum was unaffected by prior freezing/thawing of AF samples. We were able to quantify compounds by comparison with an added concentration standard (maleate) at concentrations as low as 30 μm. Good agreement with literature values based on other analytical techniques was obtained.     

环烷酸脱油工艺的实验研究

以锦州化工二厂生产的２＃环烷酸为原料，采用减压蒸馏──初馏分皂化萃取脱油工艺，可制得中性油含量分别低于１０％和５％的一级品环烷酸．该工艺具有流程简单、物料消耗少、产品收率高等优点．通过实验，初步探讨了蒸馏真空度、氢氧化钠浓度及用量、乙醇用量、萃取剂用量等工艺条件对脱油效果及产品质量的影响。     

环保投资增长规律及其理论证明

本文从国内外环保投资的实践入手,分析和总结出环保投资长期增长规律,并依据环境--经济--社会的技术经济关系,建立起“污染平衡方程式”,从理论上对该规律进行了证明。     

SO2污染对小鼠骨髓细胞微核的诱发作用

在SO2吸入慢性染毒条件下,小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞（PCE）的微核细胞率与微核率均显著增加,且雌雄差异显著。结果也表明,SO2对阳性致突变剂乌拉坦航发微核的作用有显著抑制效应。本研究模拟SO2空气污染,从整体水平直接证实了SO2是哺乳类细胞染色体断裂剂、SO2与阳性致突变剂的联合作用是复杂的结论。     

以运行费用函数为基础制定超标污水收费标准

根据现行的上海市和国家的超标污水征收标准的特点，提出制定新标准的５项原则。新标准的制定方案中，确定以ｙ＝ａ．ｘ＾β费用函数基础；用数理统计等方法，通过对污染排放标准，处理深度和处理费用３者关系的处理，得出二类污染物中，１级收费标准比现行２级收费标准上升３０％、２级收费采用现行标准、３级收费标准比现行标准下降２０－３０％；并提出污染物收费的计算公式，经对方案的论证和测算，说明其有效好的可行性。