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排序方式: 共有909条查询结果,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
Xi-Gao Shao Bi-Feng Liao Bang-Yi Li 《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2019,12(1):30-37
The rapid development of technology has made it easier to distribute products directly, and many enterprises excel at executing a multi-channel strategy to distribute products. The introduction of direct channel adds a new competition dimension to the enterprises. This paper considers three market channel structures: R-Channel, D-Channel and H-Channel. In R-Channel, both new products and remanufactured products are sold through a retailer. In D-Channel, new products are sold through retailers and remanufactured products are sold directly to consumers. In H-Channel, new products are sold through retailers, while remanufactured products through dual channel. Using the game theory, we obtain and analyse the equilibrium prices, market demands and the profits gain under these three settings. At the same time, the influence of consumers’ willingness to pay on the environment performance is researched. Our results show that the manufacturer prefers H-Channel. By introducing the direct channel the manufacturer is always economically better off, but it is not for the retailer. The numerical simulation also confirms the theoretical analysis and shows that H-Channel has advantages of economic benefit and environmental performance. It is feasible for practical application. 相似文献
2.
表面活性剂增强修复技术(SER)是目前行之有效的有机污染土壤修复技术,但SER技术存在表面活性剂与污染物分离困难、易导致二次污染、成本高等问题.基于此,提出采用具有电化学开关特性的表面活性剂(N,N-二甲基二茂铁甲基十二烷基溴化铵,Fc12)代替SER技术中的常规表面活性剂,发展基于开关表面活性剂的可逆增强修复技术(RSER).选取芘作为目标物,研究了Fc12在氧化和还原态对芘的增溶作用以及常见环境因素,如pH和温度对Fc12可逆增溶的影响.结果表明,相对于氧化态Fc12,还原态Fc12在其临界胶束浓度(CMC)以上时对芘表现出显著的增溶作用,且增溶能力随表面活性剂浓度增大而增强.温度对Fc12的增溶作用影响显著,例如,还原态Fc12在浓度为3 mmol·L~(-1)、25℃条件下时,芘的表观溶解度为0.779 mg·L~(-1),当温度增加到40℃时,芘的表观溶解度为0.971 mg·L~(-1),其表观溶解度增加了24.6%;但氧化态条件下,芘的表观溶解度仅增加了6.5%;芘的解吸率(芘在还原和氧化态Fc12的表观溶解度差值与还原态Fc12增溶芘的比值)由63.67%增加到71.27%.pH也显著影响Fc12的增溶,当pH值在6—10范围变化时,还原态Fc12的增溶作用呈现先增加后减小的趋势,且在pH 9附近增溶能力最强,而pH 8时芘的解吸果最好. 相似文献
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Exposure to engineered nanomaterials(ENMs), such as graphene oxide(GO), can potentially induce the response of various molecular signaling pathways, which can mediate the protective function or the toxicity induction.Wnt signaling pathway is conserved evolutionarily in organisms.Using Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo assay model, we investigated the effect of GO exposure on intestinal Wnt signaling.In the intestine, GO exposure dysregulated Frizzled receptor MOM-5, Disheveled protein DSH-2, GSK-3(a component of APC complex), and two β-catenin proteins(BAR-1 and HMP-2), which mediated the induction of GO toxicity.In GO exposed nematodes, a Hox protein EGL-5 acted as a downstream target of BAR-1, and fatty acid transport ACS-22 acted as a downstream target of HMP-2.Functional analysis on HMP-2 and ACS-22 suggested that the dysregulation of these two proteins provides an important basis for the observed deficit in functional state of intestinal barrier.Our results imply the association of dysregulation in physiological and functional states of intestinal barrier with toxicity induction of GO in organisms. 相似文献
5.
Zhuofei Du Min Hu Jianfei Peng Song Guo Rong Zheng Jing Zheng Dongjie Shang Yanhong Qin He Niu Mengren Li Yudong Yang Sihua Lu Yusheng Wu Min Shao Shijin Shuai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(4):348-357
Light-duty gasoline vehicles have drawn public attention in China due to their significant primary emissions of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds(VOCs). However,little information on secondary aerosol formation from exhaust for Chinese vehicles and fuel conditions is available. In this study, chamber experiments were conducted to quantify the potential of secondary aerosol formation from the exhaust of a port fuel injection gasoline engine. The engine and fuel used are common in the Chinese market, and the fuel satisfies the China V gasoline fuel standard. Substantial secondary aerosol formation was observed during a 4–5 hr simulation, which was estimated to represent more than 10 days of equivalent atmospheric photo-oxidation in Beijing. As a consequence, the extreme case secondary organic aerosol(SOA) production was 426 ± 85 mg/kg-fuel, with high levels of precursors and OH exposure. The low hygroscopicity of the aerosols formed inside the chamber suggests that SOA was the dominant chemical composition. Fourteen percent of SOA measured in the chamber experiments could be explained through the oxidation of speciated single-ring aromatics. Unspeciated precursors, such as intermediate-volatility organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds, might be significant for SOA formation from gasoline VOCs. We concluded that reductions of emissions of aerosol precursor gases from vehicles are essential to mediate pollution in China. 相似文献
6.
Zhixiang Zhou Tong Shao Mengnan Qin Xiaoyan Miao Yu Chang Wang Sheng Fengshang Wu Yunjiang Yu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(4):182-187
The purpose of this study was to examine the direct toxicity of PM2.5 collected from Beijing on human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC). A Cell Counting Kit 8(CCK8) assay demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure decreased the proliferation of HUVECs in a dosedependent manner. We also found that PM2.5 exposure induced autophagy in HUVECs, as evidenced by:(1) an increased number of double-membrane vesicles;(2) enhanced conversion and punctuation of the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3); and(3) decreased levels of the selective autophagy substrate p62 in a time-dependent manner.Furthermore, promoting autophagy in PM2.5-exposed HUVECs with rapamycin increased the cell survival rate, whereas inhibiting autophagy via 3-methyladenine significantly decreased cell survival. These results demonstrate that PM2.5 exposure can induce cytotoxicity and autophagy in HUVECs and that autophagy play a protective role against PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity. The findings of the present study imply a direct toxic effect of PM2.5 on HUVECs and provide novel insight into the mechanism of cardiovascular diseases caused by PM2.5 exposure. 相似文献
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The landfill of municipal solid waste(MSW) could be regarded as denitrification reactor and involved in ammonia nitrogen biological removal process. In this research, the process was applied to municipal solid waste collected in Shanghai, China, which was characterized by high food waste content. The NH4^ removal efficiency in the system of SBR nitrifying reactor followed by fresh and matured landfilled waste layer in series was studied. In the nitrifying reactor, above 90% of NH4^ in leachate was oxidized to NO2^- and NO3^- . Then high concentrated NO2^- and NO3^- were removed in the way of denitrification process in fresh landfilled waste layer. At the same time, degradation of fresh landfilled waste was accelerated. Up to the day 120, 136.5 gC/(kg dry waste) and 17.9 gN/(kg dry waste) were converted from waste layer. It accounted for 50.15 % and 86.89 % of the total carbon and nitrogen content of preliminary fresh waste, which was 4.42 times and 5.17 times higher than that of reference column respectively. After filtering through matured landfilled waste, BOD5 concentration in leachate dropped to below 100 mg/L, which would not affect following nitrification adversely. Because the matured landfilled waste acted as a well methanogenic reactor, 23% of carbon produced accumulatively from fresh landfilled waste degradation was converted into CH4. 相似文献
9.
污泥综合处理技术系统的可行性分析 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
通过对污泥处理技术现状与污泥组成的分析,认为降低污泥的含水率是改善污泥可处理性的关键。以机械脱水加工热干燥过程可达到充分降低污泥含水率的目的。以此为主干所形成的污泥综合处理系统经能量与经济平衡分析,发现其能量输出大于输入,经济成本合理,有一定的技术经济可行性。 相似文献
10.