永定河上游张家口地区水污染物排放负荷与贡献

运用源强系数法,估算永定河上游张家口地区不同来源水污染物的排放负荷,并评估不同污染源的贡献。结果表明:(1)永定河上游张家口地区COD排放负荷为97 533.43t/a;氨氮排放负荷为10 596.73t/a;总磷排放负荷为1 389.11t/a。(2)COD主要来自畜禽养殖业和城镇生活污水,分别占总排放负荷的53.66%和31.41%;氨氮主要来自城镇和农村生活污水,分别占总排放负荷的40.15%和27.04%;总磷主要来自畜禽养殖业和城镇生活污水,分别占总排放负荷的28.99%和26.54%。(3)从空间上看,宣化区COD、氨氮、总磷排放负荷均为最大,宣化区是永定河上游张家口地区水污染的主要贡献区。     

电除尘器中水雾雾化特性及对除尘性能的影响

湿式电除尘器将水雾除尘与电除尘技术相结合,可以有效地对细颗粒物进行收集,抑制了二次扬尘的发生。通过研究电除尘器喷淋系统的雾化特性,以及不同供水压力对水雾荷电的影响,并测得其分级效率。研究结果表明:在供水压力为0.4 MPa时,湿式电除尘器的除尘效率大于99.5%;在喷雾粒径为100μm时,对10μm以下的细颗粒物除尘效率大于92%。通过分析,为湿式除尘器喷淋系统设计提供了依据。     

有机胺脱硫工艺在高硫煤地区火电厂的应用分析

近年来,电力行业发展迅速,燃煤电厂大气污染物控制取得很大成就。在电力行业"十二五"规划中,对节能减排工作提出了更高的要求,其中二氧化硫的削减仍占主要地位。本文就高硫煤地区实施有机胺脱硫工艺进行探讨,论述其应用情况、工艺原理,与传统工艺相比的优势、特点及发展方向。     

爆炸物冲击波的人体防护研究

针对爆炸物爆炸冲击波、破片或子弹冲击、高温高压气体热辐射等复杂环境下的人体伤害威胁,本文从人员损伤研究和防护材料研究两方面综述了国内外研究进展,最后为开展人体有效防护研究工作提出了几点建议.     

Detailed Ecological Footprint Accounting of Liaoning in 2006

Ecological footprint （EF） has received considerable attention as a useful indicator in the context of sustainable development. So far, EF has been used in numerous studies by academies, organizations and government authorities. However, the results of these studies failed to be comparable directly with each other due to imprecise data sets, unmodified accounting methods of pasture and fossil energy, ignored secondary products, undefined process Of calculating yield factors and improper biocapacity for biodiversity. In this paper, we elaborated on EF estimating methods from six categories of consumption in order to overcome the limitations above. We adopted precise data and revised methods, calculated EF of some secondary products, introduced weighted factor to calculate yield factors and adjusted biocapacity by an appropriate amount. Meanwhile, we investigated the resource consumption of Liaoning Province in 2006 to assess EF. Its results showed that Liaoning Province overused its natural capital and was in an unsustainable state. We concluded that two specific problems that had arisen in EF assessment and gave some suggestions for Liaoning Province to improve its unsustainable state.     

真空联合堆载预压加固长江漫滩相软基孔压测试分析

结合长江江苏镇江段某码头堆场地基采用真空联合堆载预压法加固处理工程,通过现场钻孔埋设孔隙水压力计,对长江漫滩相软土地基加固过程中孔隙水压力的发展变化过程进行了测试分析。结果表明:真空预压区,加固30d后地基中孔隙水压力变化基本稳定,且土中超静孔隙水压力的消散受该深度排水板中真空荷载的影响十分显著;排水板中真空荷载随深度衰减,衰减速率与排水板周围土层性质密切相关;通过现场测试得到排水板周围为长江漫滩相淤泥质粉质黏土时,真空荷载沿排水板深度衰减速率约为3kPa/m。     

Simple model of sludge thickening process in secondary settlers

In wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), a secondary settler acts as a clarifier, sludge thickener, and sludge storage tank during peak flows and therefore plays an important role in the performance of the activated sludge process. Sludge thickening occurs in the lower portions of secondary clarifiers during their operation. In this study, by detecting the hindered zone from the complete thickening process of activated sludge, a simple model for the sludge thickening velocity, u _s = aX ^b (a = 0.9925SSVI _3.5, b = 3.541ln(SSVI _3.5)+12.973), describing the potential and performance of activated sludge thickening in the hindered zone was developed. However, sludge thickening in the compression zone was not studied because sludge in the compression zone showed limited thickening. This empirical model was developed using batch settling data obtained from four WWTPs and validated using measured data from a fifth WWTP to better study sludge thickening. To explore different sludge settling and thickening mechanisms, the curves of sludge thickening and sludge settling were compared. Finally, it was found that several factors including temperature, stirring, initial depth, and polymer conditioning can lead to highly concentrated return sludge and biomass in a biologic reactor.     

我国南方水利设施遭受冰灾的表现形式及防灾对策探讨

目前国内外针对水利设施遭受冰冻灾害的研究还很不活跃,获得的成果还不系统。本文系统分析总结2008年我国南方遭受罕见雪灾导致水利设施的损害情况,以及这些水利设施在极端冰灾影响下的破坏形式,进而提出了一系列有关南方水利设施遭遇极端雪灾的对策,以适应将来积极防灾减灾的需要。     

Detailed Ecological Footprint Accounting of Liaoning in 2006

Abstract

Ecological footprint (EF) has received considerable attention as a useful indicator in the context of sustainable development. So far, EF has been used in numerous studies by academies, organizations and government authorities. However, the results of these studies failed to be comparable directly with each other due to imprecise data sets, unmodified accounting methods of pasture and fossil energy, ignored secondary products, undefined process of calculating yield factors and improper biocapacity for biodiversity. In this paper, we elaborated on EF estimating methods from six categories of consumption in order to overcome the limitations above. We adopted precise data and revised methods, calculated EF of some secondary products, introduced weighted factor to calculate yield factors and adjusted biocapacity by an appropriate amount. Meanwhile, we investigated the resource consumption of Liaoning Province in 2006 to assess EF. Its results showed that Liaoning Province overused its natural capital and was in an unsustainable state. We concluded that two specific problems that had arisen in EF assessment and gave some suggestions for Liaoning Province to improve its unsustainable state.     

Worldwide cases of water pollution by emerging contaminants: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Water contamination by emerging contaminants is increasing in the context of rising urbanization, industrialization, and agriculture production. Emerging...