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Heavy metal concentrations in roadside soil and street dust from Petra region,Jordan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn were measured in the samples of street dust and surface roadside soil before Jordan switched to unleaded fuel usage. The samples were collected from Petra, the most tourist-attractive site in Jordan. The samples were analyzed for heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Our results show that the distribution of metals in the soil samples is affected by wind direction in the investigated area. The highest level of metals was found in the eastern parts of the roads due to the westerly-dominant wind in the studied area. The contamination levels of metals decrease as the distance from the edge of the road increases. In the roadside soil samples, the means for the concentrations of the metals at 1 m from the east side of the main road are 1.0, 19.1, 3791.4, 177.0, and 129.0 mg kg?1 for Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn, respectively. In the samples of street dust, the means of the concentrations of the metals in the investigated area are 9.7, 11.8, 4694.4, 31.6, and 24.8 mg kg?1 for Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn, respectively. In conclusion, the lithogenic origins (traffic emissions) are responsible for the diffusion of these metals in the studied region. 相似文献
2.
Al-Khashman OA 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2007,29(1):1-10
Street dust samples (120 in total) were collected under stable weather conditions during the hot, dry season (August and September)
of 2004 from six different localities (industrial, heavy traffic, medium traffic, light traffic, low traffic and rural) in
greater Amman, the capital of Jordan. The concentrations of Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn and Ni in the dusts were determined by atomic
absorption spectrophotometry. The high concentrations of Pb, Fe and Zn in the street dust samples were related to both anthropogenic
(industrial sources combined with traffic sources) and natural sources. Surprisingly, the concentrations of Cd in the dusts
were low. Correlation coefficient analysis and principle component analysis identified three main sources of these elements
and the corresponding distributions. The elements Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe, Cu and Ni were mainly derived from industrial sources, with
Pb and Zn additionally derived from traffic sources. The street dusts were found to have highly elevated levels of Zn, particularly
along the main trunk roads, indicating that the Zn in the street dusts may be derived from traffic sources, especially vehicle
tyres. The concentrations of metals in the different street dust samples were found to vary depending on the density of traffic. 相似文献
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4.
Five-year monitoring study of chemical characteristics of Wet atmospheric precipitation in the southern region of Jordan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Omar Ali Al-Khashman Aiman Qasem Jaradat Elias Salameh 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(7):5715-5727
Wet atmospheric samples were collected from different locations in the southern region of Jordan during a 5-year period (October 2006 to May 2011). All samples were analyzed for pH, EC, major ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3 ?, Cl?, NO3 ?, and SO4 2?), and trace metals (Fe2+, Al3+,Cu2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+). The highest ion concentrations were observed during the beginning of the rainfall events because large amounts of dust accumulated in the atmosphere during dry periods and were scavenged by rain. The rainwater in the study area is characterized by low salinity and neutral pH. The major ions found in rainwater followed the order of HCO3?>?Cl??>?SO4 2? and Ca2+?>?Na+ > Mg2+ > NH4 + > K+. Trace metals were identified to be of anthropogenic origin resulting from cement and phosphate mining activities located within the investigated area and from heating activities during the cold period of the year (January to April). The wet precipitation chemistry was analyzed using factor component analysis for possible sources of the measured species. Factor analysis (principal component analysis) was used to assess the relationships between the concentrations of the studied ions and their sources. Factor 1 represents the contribution of ions from local anthropogenic activities, factor 2 represents the contribution of ions from natural sources, and factor 3 suggests biomass burning and anthropogenic source. Overall, the results revealed that rainwater chemistry is strongly influenced by local anthropogenic sources rather than natural and marine sources, which is in a good agreement with the results obtained by other studies conducted in similar sites around the world. 相似文献
5.
Al-Khashman OA Al-Muhtaseb AH Ibrahim KA 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(6):1635-1640
The leaves of date palms were evaluated as a possible biomonitor of heavy metal contamination in Ma’an city, Jordan. Concentrations of (Fe), (Pb), (Zn), (Cu), (Ni), and (Cr) were determined in washed and unwashed leaves and soil samples collected from different sites with different degrees of metal contamination (urban, suburban, industrial, highway and rural sites); separate leaves were taken from outside the city to be used as a control sample. Samples collected from industrial sites were found to have high concentrations of all metals except those of Cu, Ni and Pb, which were found at high levels in the highway site samples which is associated with the road traffic. The difference between unwashed and washed samples showed that metal pollutants exist as contaminants, particularly Pb, Zn and Ni, which varied in concentration, depending on the source of the metal. 相似文献
6.
Thirty one soil samples were collected from south Jordan around the cement factory in Qadissiya area. The samples were obtained at two depths, 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm and were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometery for Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe, Cu and Cr. Physicochemical factors believed to affect their mobility of metals in soil of the study area were examined such as; pH, TOM, CaCO3, CEC and conductivity. The relatively high concentrations of lead, zinc and cadmium in the soil samples of the investigated area were related to anthropogenic sources such as cement industry, agriculture activities and traffic emissions. It was found that the lead, zinc and cadmium have the highest level in area close to the cement factory, while the concentration of chromium was low. This study indicate that all of the metals are concentrated on the surface soil, and decreased in the lower part of the soil, this due to reflects their mobility and physical properties of soil and its alkaline pH values. The use of factor analysis showed that anthropogenic activities seem to be the responsible source of pollution for metals in urban soils. 相似文献
7.
The investigation of metal concentrations in street dust samples in Aqaba city,Jordan 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Al-Khashman OA 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2007,29(3):197-207
The concentrations of metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn and Co) in 140 street dust samples were collected from Aqaba
city, Jordan. These samples were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion with aqua regia.
The highest levels of metal concentrations were found in the samples from heavy traffic. While the lowest levels of metal
ions were noted in the street dust samples from hospital and health centers and school gardens. The results of this study
were compared with several cities around the world. The levels of the metal concentrations found were generally below the
mean world-wide values of street dust samples. Metal values in urban street dust samples were several times higher than the
control levels. The statistical analyses were applied to the data matrix to determine the analytical results and to identify
the possible source of pollution in the studied area. Correlations between the metal concentrations of the street dust samples
were obtained. Factor analysis showed that the area was mainly influenced by three sources, namely lithogenic, traffic, and
industrial. 相似文献
8.
Reyad A. Shawabkeh Omar A. Al-Khashman Hamzeh S. Al-Omari Ali F. Shawabkeh 《The Environmentalist》2007,27(3):357-363
Natural bentonite was treated by hydrochloric, nitric, and phosphoric acids followed by washing with sodium hydroxide in order
to enhance its adsorption capacity. The sample that treated with hydrochloric acid followed by further treatment with NaOH
showed the highest cation exchange capacity with a value of 51.20 meq/100 g. The zero-point of charge for this sample was
found to be 4.50. Adsorption isotherms for both cobalt and zinc were fitted using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson
and showed an adsorption capacity of 138.1 mg Co2+ and 202.6 mg Zn2+ per gram of treated sample. 相似文献
9.
Omar Ali Al-Khashman 《The Environmentalist》2008,28(3):203-215
The present study investigates the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of spring water samples in Shoubak area
in the southern Jordan. The samples were collected from May 2004 to May 2005. All samples were analyzed for temperature, conductivity,
dissolved oxygen, pH, major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+), major anions (Cl−, NO3−, HCO3−, SO42−, PO43−, F−), and trace metals (Fe2+, Al3+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+). Water quality for available springs showed high salinity through long period of contact with rocks. The ion concentrations
in the water samples were from dissolution of carbonate rocks and ion exchange processes in clay. The general chemistry of
water samples was typically of alkaline earth waters with prevailing bicarbonate chloride. Some springs showed elevated nitrate
and sulfate contents which could reflect to percolation from septic tanks, cesspools, and agricultural practices. The infiltration
of wastewater from cesspools and septic tanks into groundwater is considered the major source of water pollution. The results
showed that there were great variations among the analyzed samples with respect to their physical, chemical and biological
parameters, which lie below the maximum permissible levels of the Jordanian and WHO drinking water standards. The results
indicate that the trace metals of spring’s water of Shoubak area do not generally pose any health or environmental problems.
Factor analysis was used to identify the contributers to water quality. The first factor represents major contribution from
anthropogenic activities, while the second one represents major contribution from natural processes. 相似文献
10.
Metal distribution in urban soil around steel industry beside Queen Alia Airport,Jordan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The objective of this study was to assess the extent and severity of metal contamination in urban soil around Queen Alia Airport,
Jordan. Thirty-two soil samples were collected around steel manufacturing plants located in the Al-Jiza area, south Jordan,
around the Queen Alia Airport. The samples were obtained at two depths, 0–10 and 10–20 cm, and were analyzed by atomic absorption
spectrophotometry for lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and chromium (Cr) levels. The physicochemical
factors believed to affect the mobility of metals in the soil of the study area were also examined, including pH, electrical
conductivity, total organic matter, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content and cation exchange capacity. The high concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cd in the soil samples were found to be related
to anthropogenic sources, such as the steel manufacturing plants, agriculture and traffic emissions, with the highest concentrations
of these metals close to the site of the steel plants; in contrast the concentration of Cr was low in the soil sampled close
to the steel plants. The metals were concentrated in the surface soil, and concentrations decreased with increasing depth,
reflecting the physical properties of the soil and its alkaline pH. The mineralogical composition of the topsoil, identified
by X-ray diffraction, was predominantly quartz, calcite, dolomite and minor minerals, such as gypsum and clay minerals. Metal
concentrations were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compute the statistical significance of the mean.
The results of the ANOVA showed significant differences between sites for Pb, Cd and Cu, but no significant differences for
the remaining metals tested. Factor analysis revealed that polluted soil occurs predominantly at sites around the steel plants
and that there is no significant variation in the characteristics of the unpolluted soil, which are uniform in the study area. 相似文献
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